Santa Maria del Fiore - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Santa Maria del Fiore

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'By 1506, St. Peter's Basilica, the main church at the Vatican, was too small and ... Bramante's vision for the Basilica was simple: a Greek cross with equal-sized ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Santa Maria del Fiore


1
Santa Maria del Fiore
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4
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5
Lantern
6
Construction Timeline
  • 1331- Wool Guild assumes responsibility for works
    in Cathedrals
  • 1357- Guild passes Resolution to build nave and
    aisle
  • 1367- Board of experts prepares plan for church
    and octagonal dome
  • 1368- Resolution sanctioned for this model
  • 1417- Opera begins to finance studies, plans, and
    models for the dome
  • 1418- Dome design competition announced no
    winner declared
  • 1420- Second competition for single model,
    according to wishes of Officials of Cupola
  • 1420-1436- Construction of Dome

7
Construction Statistics
  • Total weight raised 29,000 tons avg. of over
    2,000 tons/year and 8 tons/day.
  • 2 million working hours (270 working days/year)
    required to complete dome.
  • Cupola grew an average of 2.5 meters/year.
  • Several million bricks were laid, on average
    400,00 a year. Only a few bricks could be laid
    per man-hour.

8
Materials
Timber tall white fir from the forests of
Casentino Sandstone from quarry of
Trassina-ia. Bricks from kiln in Via
Ghibellina White marble from quarries of
Carrara and Campiglia Metal mostly iron (for
chains, bars, nails, brackets, templates for
specific marble parts, etc.) Rope from
Pisa Mortar prepared from quicklime mixed with
sand (or possibly, lime mixed with brickdust)
9
Dome Construction Techniques
  • Double-masonry dome, with a thick inner octagonal
    shell connected to a thinner outer shell with
    meridional arched ribs
  • 6 horizontal sandstone rings, reinforced by iron
    chains, resist tensile outward force
  • Inner dome is so thick that a fairly thick
    circular ring can be drawn entirely inside it
  • Pointed dome (pointed fifth) has half the
    tendency to burst as a shallower, spherical dome
  • Herringbone brick pattern used to stablize each
    ring at every level of construction
  • Supporting drum (14 ft. thick) is octagonal in
    shape and surrounded on three sides by octagonal
    half domes

10
St. Peters Basilica
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  • By 1506, St. Peter's Basilica, the main church
    at the Vatican, was too small and decrepit to
    impress anyone. Following the examples set by
    emperors and sultans, Pope Julius II decided to
    crown the old church with a dome. He hired
    Italian architect Donato Bramante to do the job.
    Bramante's vision for the Basilica was simple a
    Greek cross with equal-sized arms around a
    central dome, a church with the Pantheon perched
    on top. But Bramante and the Pope died before
    much could be built. In 1546, a young artist from
    Florence named Michelangelo gained total control
    of the construction of St. Peter's, the largest
    church in Christendom.

14
Statistics
  • Location Vatican City, Italy
  • Completion Date 1626
  • Dome Diameter 138 feet
  • Dome Type Ribbed
  • Height 452 feet above the street, 390 feet above
    the floor
  • Purpose Religious
  • Materials Concrete, brick (masonry)
  • Architects Donato Bramante, Michelangelo

15
Important Dates
  • 1506- Pope Julius II hires Bramante to create
    plans for St. Peters Basilica and its dome
  • 1514- Bramante dies, Antonio Sangallo becomes
    capomaestro
  • 1546- Sangallo dies, Pope Paul III orders
    Michelangelo to take the commission
  • 1564- Michelangelo dies
  • 1586- della Portas plan for a new dome is
    approved
  • 1588-1590- Dome constructed jointly by della
    Porta and Fontana
  • 1590-1593- Lantern constructed

16
Michelangelos Floor Plan (Greek Cross, all arms
equal lengths)
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Tension Rings
19
Internal piers (each 60 square feet)
20
Internal Spiral Stairwells (inside piers)
21
Buttresses for Dome Support
22
Windows in Drum
23
Lantern
It happened that while the cupola (of San
Lorenzo in Florence) was being raised
Michelangelo was asked by some of his friends
Shouldnt you make your lantern very different
from that of Filippo Brunelleschi?
Certainly I can make it different, he replied,
but not better. -Vasari, Lives of the
Artists.
24
Minor Domes
One of the two minor domes, designed by Vignola.
Vignola served as second in command after
Michelangelos death and chief architect from
1565 to 1573. (Smaller domes are in style of
Bramantes original cupola thin walled and
single layered)
25
Deviations in Dome Design
  • Michelangelo designed a true, Roman,
    hemispherical dome (see book)
  • Final dome is 20 ft. taller than a hemisphere
    the exterior dome is not hemispherical and thus
    not concentric with the inner shell
  • Lantern, which is octagonal, suggests that the
    dome was to have 8 ribs. In actuality, there are
    16 ribs.

26
Engraved coin
27
Additional References
  • Ackerman, J.S. Michelangelo. Zemmer, London,
    1961.
  • Sketches in Casa Buonarroti.
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