Industrial Growth

1
Industrial Growth

• End of the 1800s

2
Nurturing Factors What caused industry to grow?

• Plentiful Natural Resources in the U.S.
• Iron Ore, Coal, Petroleum
• Materials from the land and water
• Improved Transportation
• Railroads, Canals, Rivers, Lakes
• Growing Population in U.S.
• 1860 1890 31 Million 75 Million
• More workers available

3
Nurturing Factors What caused industry to grow?

• High Immigration
• 1860 1890 14 Million came to U.S.
• Most are young men seeking employment
• Investment Capital
• People had more money to invest/spend
• U.S. was not at war
• New Jobs were forming
• New Inventions
• Helped increase production and lower costs

4
Growth of Youngstown
5
Steel Industry-Why Youngstown?

• Mahoning River
• Mineral Resources
• Proximity
• Cleveland
• Pittsburgh
• East Coast
• Population
• Jobs and Economy

6
Iron vs. Steel

• Most manufacturers would use wrought iron for
  structures and bridges
• Iron is less expensive than steel to produce
• But, steel is stronger than wrought iron

7
Bessemer Process

• Steel was expensive to manufacture
• Required large amounts of coal
• New Process-Bessemer
• Used less than 1/7 the amount of coal

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Bessemer Process

• Removes impurities in iron by oxidation air is
  blown through molten iron
• Advantages in steel-making due to Bessemer
  Process
• Lowers cost of production
• Less labor requirements
• Increases speed of production
• Increases production output

9
Industry Grows In Northern Cities

• Many are along water sources
• Use of water and transportation
• Many are linked to each other by railroads
• Transportation of goods and products
• Larger population
• More workers to hire
• More investors
• Wealthy businessmen will invest in the
  industries to help them grow and for profit

10
The Electric Industry

• By 1870s, inventors have designed efficient
  generators
• Generator- Machine that produces an
• electric current

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Thomas Edison

• Lab in New Jersey
• Discovered ways to use the electrical current
• Over 1,000 Patents

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Edison

• Electric Lighting
• Safe and steady
• System to deliver electricity to buildings
• By 1882, electric lighting replaced gas lighting
• By 1890, over 1 million light bulbs were
  produced each year

13
Alexander Graham Bell

• Scottish Immigrant
• Teacher of Deaf Students
• Lived in Boston
• Created a device to transmit human speech using
  electricity-1876

14
Bell

• Telephone
• 1880- 50,000 sold

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Other Critical Inventors

• Christopher Latham
• Typewriter-1867 (Communication)
• Elias Howe Isaac Singer
• Sewing Machine 1846 1851 (Clothing
• and Fabric Production)
• Granville T. Woods
• Improvements to the Telephone and Telegraph
  (Communication)
• Margaret Knight
• Improved Motors and Engines (Power and Energy)

16
What are these lines?
17
Railroads Construction

• Transcontinental
• Central Pacific to start in Sacramento, CA
• Chinese Immigrants
• White Settlers
• Union Pacific to start in Omaha, NE
• Former Civil War soldiers
• Irish Immigrants

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Economic and Social ChangesBrought By Railroads

• Linked economies of West and East
• Linked cities together
• Connected inland cities to coastal ports
• Helped settlement of West
• Weakened Native American hold on the West
• Gave people more control of the environment and
  natural resources

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New Available Jobs

• Many American families would begin to move into
  northern cities
• Immigrants will also move into the country
  because of the need for work
• Cities will quickly become over-crowded