Pr

1
A new prototype of super buncher for RI
100 efficiency No energy dispersion
Beta- beam facility (not visible on the picture)
Valve as rapid as possible
CW input of RI
2
ECR technique for RIB production
1  Slow ionization  Low density /
long confinement / slow rising time / 1
ionization / charge breeding / bunching / high
efficiency 2  Rapid ionization   Higher
density / shorter confinement / faster rising
time High current / short pulsed
development 3  Super bunching and
ionization efficiency   With very high
density plasma, is an  ECR-Duoplasmatron 
possible ?
3
Ion production of gaseous element or metallic ion
inside a very high temperature cavity
To pump i.e. defined by the conductance of the
extraction hole Dominant if ?ioni gtgt ?ext
Atoms diffusion in molecular regime
recycling
1
To beam i.e. defined by the  ionic pumping 
of the plasma Dominant if ?ioni ? ?ext
plasma
Ionization and diffusion in a magnetized plasma
Target
Ion source
4
Ionization time and mean free path of ionization
?ioni
Fext ? 1-3 mm
A
Ti 1/10 eV ? VTi 7 104 cm/s
A
ne , Te
Te 50 eV ? VTe 4 106 cm/s
?ioni ? 2 10-16 cm-2 (from 0 to Ar)
? some cm
lt ?ioni ve gt ? 10-7 cm3/s
7 cm at ne ? 1011 cm-3 ? 2.45 GHz
10 µs
?ioni
tioni
0.7 cm at ne ? 1012 cm-3 ? 10 GHz
1 µs
0.07 cm at ne ? 1013 cm-3 ? 28 GHz
0.1 µs
100 efficiency and rapid ionization only if
?ioni lt Fext so ne gt ? 1013 e/cm-3
5
1 ionization of ions with ECR ion source From
Fredrik Wenander, Jacques Lettry, Nicolas
Chritin, Ermanno Barbero, W. Pirkl, ISOLDE, CERN
and G. Gaubert, P. Jardin, R. Leroy, et al.,
GANIL, Caen
GANIL / ISOLDE MONOECRIS 1 2.45 GHz
GANIL / Picogan 10 GHz the smallest ECRIS L, F
? 3 cm
? ?release (50) He 20
20 ms Ne 35 30 ms Ar 95 40
ms Kr 95 40 ms
? ( Ar ) 70
6
ECR Charge breeding for ? CW operation
Direct injection of atoms (gaseous ions
only) simple confinement
GANIL Nanogan /SPIRAL
hNe1 Ne6 ? 10 trelease ? tens of ms
Direct injection of 1 beams (gaseous or metallic
ions) sophisticated confinement
PHOENIX ISN/SSI
n Faraday Cup
1 Faraday Cup
Double Einzel lens
1 spectrometer
hNe1 Ne6 ? 10 trelease ? tens of ms
PHOENIX Booster
n spectrometer
Vertical pulsation
Release i .e. recycling
magnetic trapping
1 source
7
ECRIT charge breeding and bunching From T. Lamy
et al., Institut des Sciences Nucléaires
UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France
Standard Values
? t H.F. ? 300 ms to 2 s
? t inj ? 20 ms to t H.F.
? ?t ? 0 to 1.5 s

• h115 2.2 (Rb ions)
• i.e. half of the CW

1 - Efficiency measurement of afterglow process 2
- Promizing results for ms and more, bunches of
metallic ions 3 - Afterglow time difficult to
control
8
CERN duoplasmatron for H production the perfect
time structure for the synchrotrons
mA
µs
Very good time structure Very short
confinement (some µs) Very poor gas
efficiency
9
PHOENIX 28 GHz high current extraction
(Xenon) From T. Thuillier et al., Institut des
Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble,
France
?35 mm Faraday Cup
Xe17 beam
3D field map of the 90 Bending magnet
Xe18 beam
10.4 emA (Xe20 0.6 emA)
3D field map of the solenoid
12.5 emA (IFC1)
3D source extraction field and magnetic fringe
field of the source
15 emA (IHV)
10
PHOENIX 28 GHz high current extraction
(Lead) From T. Thuillier et al., Institut des
Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble,
France
10 emA total current (preliminary)
300 µs pulse
Shorter and higher afterglow than with ECR4-14.5
GHz CERN ? 7 (? 10 ?)
11
28 GHz experiment at grenoble ISN/SSI From T.
Thuillier et al., Institut des Sciences
Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France
1 Proof of the high frequency / high density
effect 2 Emittance and efficiency to be
measured 3 - Afterglow shorter but always
difficult to control (0.3-1 ms)
28 GHz /10 KW
PHOENIX 28 GHz
The new (and stable) 28 GHz /10 KW ISN gyrotron
from GYCOM Inc. (Nizhny Novgorod , Russia)
5 µs shutdown of the full power
12
SMIS 37.5 GHz with optical coupling for very
high intensity pulsed current From S.V.
Golubev, D.A. Mansfeld, S.V. Razin, V.A. Skalyga,
A.V. Vodopyanov, V.G. Zorin, Institute of Applied
Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhniy
Novgorod, Russia, R. Geller, T. Lamy, P. Sortais,
T. Thuillier Institut des Sciences Nucléaires
UJF-IN2P3-CNRS, Grenoble, France
Optical coupling of the UHF power up to 100 KW
/ 1 ms each 20 s
Very simple magnetic system
13
SMIS 37.5 GHz very high current density
production From S.V. Golubev, D.A. Mansfeld,
S.V. Razin, V.A. Skalyga, A.V. Vodopyanov, V.G.
Zorin, Institute of Applied Physics, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Nizhniy Novgorod, Russia,
R. Geller, T. Lamy, P. Sortais, T. Thuillier
Institut des Sciences Nucléaires UJF-IN2P3-CNRS,
Grenoble, France
Rising time ? 100 µs

• 30 emA / F 3 mm total current
• 200-300 mAe/cm2
• 1013 part. during 100 µs
• with Multi Charged Ions

To be done beam matching (100 KV duoplasmatron
extractor) efficiency measurement with
pulsed valve upgrade to 60 or 90 GHz with
pulsed or SC coils possible
14
60-90 GHz  ECR Duoplasmatron  for gaseous RIB
1 To bunch the gas in short time gt
20 µs 2 To ionize (gt1) with a time smaller
than the effusion time ne ? 1014 e/cm-3
? 60 GHz ECR discharge strong
axial magnetic field during the discharge ( ?
2T) 3 To deliver a beam with a repetition rate
compatible with the lifetime of the ions
15
60-90 GHz  ECR Duoplasmatron  for gaseous RIB
2.0 3.0 T pulsed coils or SC coils
Very high density magnetized plasma ne 1014 cm-3
Very small plasma chamber F 20 mm / L 5 cm
Target
Arbitrary distance if gas
Rapid pulsed valve

• 1-3 mm
• 100 KV
• extraction

60-90 GHz / 10-100 KW 10 200 µs / ? 6-3
mm optical axial coupling
UHF window or  glass  chamber (?)
20 100 µs 20 200 mA 1012 to 1013 ions per
bunch with high efficiency
optical radial coupling (if gas only)
16
PHOENIX 28 GHz afterglow control with Lead
Pb 25,24,23,22
Pb 16
Pb 14
a.u.
O2
O
O3
O4
C
N
UHF pulse
10 ms
pre glow bunch correlated with presure
drop Ionic pumping during some hundreds of µs
0 ms
17

Simplification of the injection system
18
Rapid ionization of RIB future prospects
1 ECRIS can supply either efficiency or pulsed
currents ECRIS must supply efficiency AND
pulsed currents 2 28 GHz / 10 KW preliminary
tests could be done at ISN 3 Possible
extension to RIB of condensable elements and
upgrade of the other metallic ion stable beams
(Pb) next step of PHOENIX
development 4 Never start an heavy ion project
without a strong preliminary ion source
development program !