The Enlightenment (18th century)

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The Enlightenment (18th century) rationalism emp
iricism materialism deism optimism
(progress) philosophes (not philosophers) Cesare
Beccaria On Crimes and Punishment (torture and
death penalty) Denis Diderot Encyclopedia
(Eucharist example) The Baron de
Montesquieu Spirit of the Laws (separation of
powers) Jean Jacques Rousseau The Social
Contract (general will)
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Adam Smith The Wealth of Nations (laissez
faire) Voltaire Candide (tolerance)