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V' Sivagnanasothy Deputy Director Ministry of Policy Development and Implementation

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Title: V' Sivagnanasothy Deputy Director Ministry of Policy Development and Implementation


1
National Conference on Evaluation
Implementation of MDGs in Sri Lanka Current
Status, Key Issues and Challenges
V. SivagnanasothyDeputy DirectorMinistry of
Policy Development and Implementation
2
Contents
  • Background
  • Partnership and participation
  • National Ownership
  • Monitoring and Coordination Mechanism
  • Country status in MDGs
  • Key Issues and Challenges
  • Strategies and Action Plan

3
Background
  • In September 2000, Sri Lanka adopted millennium
    declaration with all 189 UN member states
    committed to set of development goals
  • 8 Goals, 18 Targets, 48 Indicators
  • 1990 to 2015
  • People Centered (well-being of people)
  • Packaging added value universally acceptable
  • MDGs make international institutions and
    governments more accountable for results, and
    enables countries to compare with others.

4
MDG Framework.
2. Primary Education
MDGs
1. Poverty and hunger
3. Gender Equality
8. Development Partnership
4. Child Mortality
5. Maternal Health
7. Environment
6. HIV/AIDS
Mainstream Poor
  • Country Driven

Government
Civil Society
  • Partnership
  • Nationally Owned

Private Sector
5
Results Oriented 8 Goals, 18 Targets, 48
Indicators
  • Goals - General aims of the Public Policy Eg
    G1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
  • Targets - Are operational objectives which can
    quantified or and checked
  • Eg T1 Reduce Poverty by 50 (1990 -2015)
  • Indicators are signs which show if a target is
    reached or not. When it is not possible to
    quantify it exactly, they are called proxies.
  • Eg Population lt 1US per day
  • Share of income of the poorest 20 of
    population.

6
Poverty Reduction
National Ownership
RSL
WBIMF
PRSP
UN
MDGs
Efficiency Based Approach
Rights Based Approach
  • Education
  • Health (Infant/Maternal)
  • Sustainable Environment
  • Safe Drinking water
  • Improve slum dwellers
  • Gender Equality
  • HIV/AID/Malaria
  • GDP Growth (Accelerated, Private sector led,
    Broad based )
  • Reforms
  • Public Sector
  • Fiscal/Monetory Policy
  • Financial Sector
  • Labour

Convergence
7
MDGs as a core in the Development Management
Cycle
Regaining Sri Lanka (RSL)
PRSP
MDG
Formulation of Development Programmes
Budgeting / Financing Development Programmes
Evaluation of Development Programmes
Implementation of Development Programmes
(Monitoring)
  • MDG Influences
  • Planning Criteria
  • Budgeting Criteria
  • Implementation / Monitoring Criteria
  • Evaluation Criteria

8
Framework for Monitoring MDGs
Cabinet
National Operations Room (NOR)
Economic Policy Committee (Hon. Prime Minister)
Monitoring / Steering Committee on MDGs headed by
S/PDI
Working Committees
Gender, Health, Education and Employment
Environment, Global Development Partnership
Poverty and hunger
9
Sri Lanka Well ahead of its South Asian neighbors
10
Sri Lanka Well ahead of its South Asian neighbors
  • Findings
  • Sri Lanka is well ahead of its South Asian
    neighbors with regard to income, literacy, gender
    equality in education, child and maternal
    survival and environmental sustainability.
  • It did not fare well in female representation in
    the legislature as suggested in terms of number
    of seats held by women in Parliament and in
    disease control with regard to Malaria.
  • A permanent solution to ethic conflict as a
    result of ongoing peace process could however
    help significantly reduce the incidence of
    poverty by diverting valuable financial resources
    otherwise spent on war.
  • Political will is fundamental (NHDR, 2003)

11
Sub-National Issues Progress by-passes Poor
Reducing Poverty and Hunger (Goal 1)
  • Present Status (Poverty line 1 6.6 2 44
    national poverty line 25-39 )
  • Large Regional disparity (Uva 36, 12 Western)
    (Colombo 5.9 Badulla 38)
  • GDP share by Province WP accounts for 46.5 of
    the GDP NP 2.5 NC 4 (CBSL)

12
Poverty Incidence
Poverty Incidence (Low National Poverty Line)
Source HIES 2002
13
Poverty Incidence
14
Households Receiving Benefits Under the Samurdhi
Programme Mid 2001
Source CBSL
15
Human Poverty Index (HPI-I)
Multi-dimensional nature of Poverty
  • While the HDI measures the average achievements,
    the HPI-I measures deprivations in three basis
    dimension of human development namely long and
    healthy life, knowledge and decent standard of
    living.

A long and healthy life
Knowledge
A decent Standard of living
  • Dimension
  • Indicator

of children under weight for age
Adult Illiteracy rate
of population without sustainable access to an
improved water source
Probability of birth not surviving to age 40
Human Poverty Index for developing countries (HPI
- 1)
16
Human Poverty Index - 2003 HDR
17
Prevalence of Underweight Children
18
Findings of Poverty Results
  • Poverty measures are sensitive to choice of
    poverty line
  • 1-a-day lt Low National lt High National lt
    2-a-day
  • Also relatively high poverty incidence in
    Hambantota, Moneragla, Badulla, Ratnapura.
  • Disaggregated data is essential (by sex, income,
    ethnicity, geographical)

19
Achieve Universal Primary Education (Goal 2)
  • Present status (net enrolment close to 100)
  • Not translated into learning achievements - high
    youth unemployment Outdated supply driven
    education system Reforms in place.
  • Regional disparity

20
Youth Literacy
21
Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women (Goal 3)
  • Gender Development Index good. But gender
    Empowerment index weak (economic and decision
    making power weak).
  • Women under represented in Parliament
    (Legislature), and senior levels of govt.
    decision making, Technical, managerial and
    professional positions.

22
Primary Education Female to Male Ratio
23
Under five Child Mortality Rate
Reduce Child Mortality (Goal 4)
24
Infant Mortality Rate
25
Maternal Mortality Ratio
Improve Maternal Health (Goal 5)
26
Access to Safe Drinking Water
Ensure Environmental Sustainability (Goal 7)
27
Access to Safe Sanitation
28
Why Sub-National Analysis?
  • Analysis at a disaggregated level is very
    importantotherwise regional differences are
    masked.
  • Usefulness Identification of hot spots where
    heavy targeting/intervention is needed.

29
MDGs as a Benchmark for Development Effectiveness
  • MDGs is a framework for reducing income and human
    poverty and to improve human development.
  • A vehicle for putting the poor and marginalized
    first A voice for vulnerable and most
    disadvantaged.
  • An evidence based policy advocacy tool.
  • Framework for measuring performance (RBME)
  • MDG as a compact bind rich and poor countries -
    access to market, ODA, Debt relief, technology
    transfer, FDI,
  • A passport to restore a fair and equitable
    multilateral system.
  • Made from the existing commitments made by
    nations over the last 30 years. Eg World
    Conference on Women (Beijing).

30
Key Issues and Challenges
  • Suitability of International Indicators for local
    situation (Compatibility of definitions use of
    proxies)
  • Data Generation, frequency and time lag (DHS/HIES
    Once in 5 years)
  • Progress By-passes poor Disaggregating
    Indicators (Geographical, Income group, and
    Gender) Regions Lagging behind
  • Overcoming obstacles (Int. Dev. Community) ODA,
    Market Access, Debt relief, Technology Transfer
  • History repeats targets often set, but seldom
    met.
  • No target set for Goal 8 No monitoring
    mechanism in place Goal 1 -7 cannot be reached
    without Goal 8

31
Action Plan
  • National Ownership and localization
  • Internalized into the National Development
    Framework RSL
  • Tailor the international targets to country level
  • Translate global MDGs into national priority
    setting e.g. (HIV X Alcoholism 3 )
  • Institutionalize MDGs into the development
    Management cycle Add a mandatory sub section to
    the standard project submission format to include
    Contribution to the MDGs
  • Translation of MDG documents into local
    languages.
  • Involve sub-national agencies for MDG score
    keeping and inculcate ownership.

32
Action Plan Contd
  • Advocacy, Campaign, Publicity and Partnership
  • Mobilize Support from different actors - Public
    Sector, Private Sector and CSOs
  • Harness Media to give publicity to the general
    public
  • Awareness (Sensitization) Workshops at National
    and Sub-national level (Pamphlets and broachers)
  • Inviting Public contest (best essay in MDGs in
    Sri Lanka).

33
Action Plan Contd ..
  • Strengthen National Capacity for Statistics
  • Data collection, Analysis and Reporting (HIES/DHS
    More frequent Administrate Records)
  • Beyond national averages, Disaggregate data by
    regions, gender, income group and ethnicity to
    capture regions lagging behind (Poverty Pockets)
  • Increase Sample size of surveys (HIES)-
    Estimations down to divisional level.
  • Build national/Sub-national Capacity for
    statistics-Reliability, Accuracy, Quality and
    Frequency
  • Use of alternative proxy indicators
  • Standardization of geographical boundaries for
    data collection and analysis.

34
Action Plan Contd ..
  • Strengthen National Monitoring and Coordination
    Mechanism
  • Established National Coordination mechanism to
    Monitor MDGs - Steering committees / working
    committees /NOR.
  • MDG Reporting software with GIS capabilities.
  • MDG Report Situational Snapshot /Score card to
    analytical action oriented report
  • Link MDGR to NOR (Web based)

35
Action Plan Contd .
  • Feedback to Planning, Budgeting and Policy
    Process
  • Bi-annual Progress Report to Economic Policy
    Committee
  • Incorporate MDGs into the Planning and Budgeting
    framework. (national/sub-national) Pro-poor
    budget, pro-poor policies,
  • Direction to Ministries Re-prioritizing Public
    expenditure by MPDI/MF
  • Document success stories eg. Policy to encourage
    girls schooling (cash/food incentives) Advocate
    replication

36
Action Plan Contd .
  • Mobilizing Resources for MDG
  • Formulate Projects/Programmes to meet MDGs
  • Special in-depth studies on selected areas.
  • Country based Costing of MDGs
  • Health and Nutrition
  • Education
  • Water and sanitation
  • (Identify gaps and target interventions)
  • Monitor Goal 8

37
Thank you
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