Title: V' Sivagnanasothy Deputy Director Ministry of Policy Development and Implementation
1National Conference on Evaluation
Implementation of MDGs in Sri Lanka Current
Status, Key Issues and Challenges
V. SivagnanasothyDeputy DirectorMinistry of
Policy Development and Implementation
2Contents
- Background
- Partnership and participation
- National Ownership
- Monitoring and Coordination Mechanism
- Country status in MDGs
- Key Issues and Challenges
- Strategies and Action Plan
3Background
- In September 2000, Sri Lanka adopted millennium
declaration with all 189 UN member states
committed to set of development goals - 8 Goals, 18 Targets, 48 Indicators
- 1990 to 2015
- People Centered (well-being of people)
- Packaging added value universally acceptable
- MDGs make international institutions and
governments more accountable for results, and
enables countries to compare with others.
4MDG Framework.
2. Primary Education
MDGs
1. Poverty and hunger
3. Gender Equality
8. Development Partnership
4. Child Mortality
5. Maternal Health
7. Environment
6. HIV/AIDS
Mainstream Poor
Government
Civil Society
Private Sector
5Results Oriented 8 Goals, 18 Targets, 48
Indicators
- Goals - General aims of the Public Policy Eg
G1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger - Targets - Are operational objectives which can
quantified or and checked - Eg T1 Reduce Poverty by 50 (1990 -2015)
- Indicators are signs which show if a target is
reached or not. When it is not possible to
quantify it exactly, they are called proxies. - Eg Population lt 1US per day
- Share of income of the poorest 20 of
population.
6Poverty Reduction
National Ownership
RSL
WBIMF
PRSP
UN
MDGs
Efficiency Based Approach
Rights Based Approach
- Education
- Health (Infant/Maternal)
- Sustainable Environment
- Safe Drinking water
- Improve slum dwellers
- Gender Equality
- HIV/AID/Malaria
- GDP Growth (Accelerated, Private sector led,
Broad based )
- Reforms
- Public Sector
- Fiscal/Monetory Policy
- Financial Sector
- Labour
Convergence
7MDGs as a core in the Development Management
Cycle
Regaining Sri Lanka (RSL)
PRSP
MDG
Formulation of Development Programmes
Budgeting / Financing Development Programmes
Evaluation of Development Programmes
Implementation of Development Programmes
(Monitoring)
- MDG Influences
- Planning Criteria
- Budgeting Criteria
- Implementation / Monitoring Criteria
- Evaluation Criteria
8Framework for Monitoring MDGs
Cabinet
National Operations Room (NOR)
Economic Policy Committee (Hon. Prime Minister)
Monitoring / Steering Committee on MDGs headed by
S/PDI
Working Committees
Gender, Health, Education and Employment
Environment, Global Development Partnership
Poverty and hunger
9Sri Lanka Well ahead of its South Asian neighbors
10Sri Lanka Well ahead of its South Asian neighbors
- Findings
- Sri Lanka is well ahead of its South Asian
neighbors with regard to income, literacy, gender
equality in education, child and maternal
survival and environmental sustainability. - It did not fare well in female representation in
the legislature as suggested in terms of number
of seats held by women in Parliament and in
disease control with regard to Malaria. - A permanent solution to ethic conflict as a
result of ongoing peace process could however
help significantly reduce the incidence of
poverty by diverting valuable financial resources
otherwise spent on war. - Political will is fundamental (NHDR, 2003)
11Sub-National Issues Progress by-passes Poor
Reducing Poverty and Hunger (Goal 1)
- Present Status (Poverty line 1 6.6 2 44
national poverty line 25-39 ) - Large Regional disparity (Uva 36, 12 Western)
(Colombo 5.9 Badulla 38) - GDP share by Province WP accounts for 46.5 of
the GDP NP 2.5 NC 4 (CBSL)
12Poverty Incidence
Poverty Incidence (Low National Poverty Line)
Source HIES 2002
13Poverty Incidence
14Households Receiving Benefits Under the Samurdhi
Programme Mid 2001
Source CBSL
15Human Poverty Index (HPI-I)
Multi-dimensional nature of Poverty
- While the HDI measures the average achievements,
the HPI-I measures deprivations in three basis
dimension of human development namely long and
healthy life, knowledge and decent standard of
living.
A long and healthy life
Knowledge
A decent Standard of living
of children under weight for age
Adult Illiteracy rate
of population without sustainable access to an
improved water source
Probability of birth not surviving to age 40
Human Poverty Index for developing countries (HPI
- 1)
16Human Poverty Index - 2003 HDR
17Prevalence of Underweight Children
18Findings of Poverty Results
- Poverty measures are sensitive to choice of
poverty line - 1-a-day lt Low National lt High National lt
2-a-day - Also relatively high poverty incidence in
Hambantota, Moneragla, Badulla, Ratnapura. - Disaggregated data is essential (by sex, income,
ethnicity, geographical)
19Achieve Universal Primary Education (Goal 2)
- Present status (net enrolment close to 100)
-
- Not translated into learning achievements - high
youth unemployment Outdated supply driven
education system Reforms in place. - Regional disparity
20Youth Literacy
21Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women (Goal 3)
- Gender Development Index good. But gender
Empowerment index weak (economic and decision
making power weak). - Women under represented in Parliament
(Legislature), and senior levels of govt.
decision making, Technical, managerial and
professional positions.
22Primary Education Female to Male Ratio
23Under five Child Mortality Rate
Reduce Child Mortality (Goal 4)
24Infant Mortality Rate
25Maternal Mortality Ratio
Improve Maternal Health (Goal 5)
26Access to Safe Drinking Water
Ensure Environmental Sustainability (Goal 7)
27Access to Safe Sanitation
28Why Sub-National Analysis?
- Analysis at a disaggregated level is very
importantotherwise regional differences are
masked. - Usefulness Identification of hot spots where
heavy targeting/intervention is needed.
29MDGs as a Benchmark for Development Effectiveness
- MDGs is a framework for reducing income and human
poverty and to improve human development. - A vehicle for putting the poor and marginalized
first A voice for vulnerable and most
disadvantaged. - An evidence based policy advocacy tool.
- Framework for measuring performance (RBME)
- MDG as a compact bind rich and poor countries -
access to market, ODA, Debt relief, technology
transfer, FDI, - A passport to restore a fair and equitable
multilateral system. - Made from the existing commitments made by
nations over the last 30 years. Eg World
Conference on Women (Beijing).
30Key Issues and Challenges
- Suitability of International Indicators for local
situation (Compatibility of definitions use of
proxies) - Data Generation, frequency and time lag (DHS/HIES
Once in 5 years) - Progress By-passes poor Disaggregating
Indicators (Geographical, Income group, and
Gender) Regions Lagging behind - Overcoming obstacles (Int. Dev. Community) ODA,
Market Access, Debt relief, Technology Transfer - History repeats targets often set, but seldom
met. - No target set for Goal 8 No monitoring
mechanism in place Goal 1 -7 cannot be reached
without Goal 8
31Action Plan
- National Ownership and localization
- Internalized into the National Development
Framework RSL - Tailor the international targets to country level
- Translate global MDGs into national priority
setting e.g. (HIV X Alcoholism 3 ) - Institutionalize MDGs into the development
Management cycle Add a mandatory sub section to
the standard project submission format to include
Contribution to the MDGs - Translation of MDG documents into local
languages. - Involve sub-national agencies for MDG score
keeping and inculcate ownership.
32Action Plan Contd
- Advocacy, Campaign, Publicity and Partnership
- Mobilize Support from different actors - Public
Sector, Private Sector and CSOs - Harness Media to give publicity to the general
public - Awareness (Sensitization) Workshops at National
and Sub-national level (Pamphlets and broachers) - Inviting Public contest (best essay in MDGs in
Sri Lanka).
33Action Plan Contd ..
- Strengthen National Capacity for Statistics
- Data collection, Analysis and Reporting (HIES/DHS
More frequent Administrate Records) - Beyond national averages, Disaggregate data by
regions, gender, income group and ethnicity to
capture regions lagging behind (Poverty Pockets) - Increase Sample size of surveys (HIES)-
Estimations down to divisional level. - Build national/Sub-national Capacity for
statistics-Reliability, Accuracy, Quality and
Frequency - Use of alternative proxy indicators
- Standardization of geographical boundaries for
data collection and analysis.
34Action Plan Contd ..
- Strengthen National Monitoring and Coordination
Mechanism - Established National Coordination mechanism to
Monitor MDGs - Steering committees / working
committees /NOR. - MDG Reporting software with GIS capabilities.
- MDG Report Situational Snapshot /Score card to
analytical action oriented report - Link MDGR to NOR (Web based)
35Action Plan Contd .
- Feedback to Planning, Budgeting and Policy
Process - Bi-annual Progress Report to Economic Policy
Committee - Incorporate MDGs into the Planning and Budgeting
framework. (national/sub-national) Pro-poor
budget, pro-poor policies, - Direction to Ministries Re-prioritizing Public
expenditure by MPDI/MF - Document success stories eg. Policy to encourage
girls schooling (cash/food incentives) Advocate
replication
36Action Plan Contd .
- Mobilizing Resources for MDG
- Formulate Projects/Programmes to meet MDGs
- Special in-depth studies on selected areas.
- Country based Costing of MDGs
- Health and Nutrition
- Education
- Water and sanitation
- (Identify gaps and target interventions)
- Monitor Goal 8
37Thank you