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Female Genital Mutilation

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Title: Female Genital Mutilation


1
Female Genital Mutilation
  • Summer is for Fun.
  • Not for Pain

2
What is FGM?
  • All procedures which involve the partial or total
    removal of the external genitalia or injury to
    the female genital organs whether for cultural or
    any other non-therapeutic reasons
  • The World Health Organisation

3
Types of FGM
  • Type 1 - removal of the clitoral hood with or
    without the removal of the clitoris
  • Type 2 - removal of the clitoris and partial or
    total removal of the vaginal lips
  • Type 3 - removal of the clitoris, vaginal lips
    and the stitching of the vagina, leaving a 1-2cm
    opening
  • Type 4 - piercing the clitoris, cauterisation,
    cutting the vagina, inserting corrosive substances

4
Who is at risk?
  • 2 million girls around the world every year are
    mutilated
  • Mainly African and Middle Eastern countries and
    alarmingly now in the immigrant population of
    Europe, America and Australia
  • It is estimated that as many as 20,000 girls are
    at risk of FGM within the UK every year
  • Any girl is at risk usually between 4-14

5
(No Transcript)
6
Female Genital Cutting Areas of Practice - TYPE
II Type II involves the partial or entire removal
of the clitoris, as well as the scraping off of
the labia majora and labia minora .
                                                  
                                                  
       Return to Introduction
7
Communities at Risk 28 practising countries in
Africa
  • Djibouti 98
  • Somalia 97
  • Sierra Leone 90
  • Ethiopia - 79.9
  • Sudan 90
  • Guinea 98.6
  • In Middle East Egypt 97

8
How is FGM carried out?
  • Varies from community to community but generally
    by an elder woman in the community using
    non-sterile, blunt instruments without
    anaesthetic
  • UK girls are taken on holiday to become a woman
  • Communities in the UK are believed to have their
    own practitioners here
  • Some doctors will do this under anaesthetic

9
Why is FGM carried out?
  • Religion is NOT a basis for FGM
  • Cultural identity A tribal initiation into
    adulthood
  • Gender Identity Moving from girl to woman
    enhancing femininity
  • Sexual control believed to reduce the womans
    desire for sex and therefore the possibility of
    sex outside marriage
  • Hygiene/cleanliness unmutilated women are
    regarded as unclean and not allowed to handle
    food or water

10
Health Consequences Short term
  • Haemorrhage
  • Severe pain shock
  • Urine retention
  • Infection including tetanus HIV
  • Injury to adjacent tissue
  • Fracture or dislocation to limbs as a result of
    restraint

11
Health Consequences
  • Long-Term
  • Difficulty with passing urine chronic urinary
    tract infections which can lead to renal problems
    or renal failure
  • Difficulties with menstruation
  • Acute chronic pelvic infections which can lead
    to infertility
  • Sexual dysfunction/Psychological/Flashbacks
  • Complications during pregnancy
  • Chronic scar formations

12
Human Rights
  • Female Genital Mutilation is a fundamental human
    rights issue with adverse health and social
    implications (it) violates the rights of girls
    and women to bodily integrity and results in
    perpetuating gender inequality
  • UK All Parliamentary Group on Population
    Development and Reproductive Health (2000)

13
Female Genital Mutilation Act 2003
  • Offence to commit FGM
  • Offence to aid, abet, counsel or procure a girl
    to commit FGM
  • Offence for someone in the UK to aid, abet,
    counsel or procure FGM outside of UK that is
    carried out by a person who isnt a UK national
    or resident
  • Any act done outside UK by UK National or resident

14
Indications that FGM may be about to take place..
  • The family come from a community that is known to
    practise FGM
  • Parents state they will take the child out of the
    country for a prolonged period
  • A child may talk about a long holiday to a
    country where the practice is prevalent
  • A child may confide that she is to have a
    special procedure or celebration

15
Indications that FGM may have already taken
place..
  • A child may spend long periods of time away from
    the classroom during the day with bladder or
    menstrual problems
  • Prolonged absences from School plus a noticeable
    behaviour change
  • The child requiring to be excused from physical
    exercise without the support of their GP

16
What do I do?
  • You must inform your designated child protection
    Advisor
  • They must make a referral to the Local Authority
    Childrens Social Care

17
Female Genital Mutilation
  • Summer is for FunNot for Pain
  • The school summer holidays are a time when it is
    known that girls are taken out of the country to
    undergo FGM
  • Report any concerns. Child protection is
    everyones responsibility
  • FGM is a serious crime and can be fatal

18
Female Genital Mutilation
  • CHILD ABUSE INVESTIGATION COMMAND
  • Project AZURE
  • Information Line 020 7161 2888
  • scd5mailbox-azure_at_met.police.uk
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