Emission Requirements for Distributed Mission Operations Threat Simulation

1
Emission Requirements for Distributed Mission
Operations Threat Simulation

• James M. McCall
• Glenn D. Cicero
• Kyle Tygret
• Air Force Research Laboratory
• Warfighter Training Research Division
• Mesa AZ

2
DMO REQUIREMENTS

• Mission-based training rehearsal for aircrews
• Mission-based training rehearsal for
  intelligence platforms personnel
• Mission-based training rehearsal for C2
  platforms personnel

3
SIMULATION REQUIREMENTS

• Physics-Based Threat System Representation
• Faithful representation of scan, beam pointing,
  sidelobes
• Response to environmental impacts
• Response to counter-measures
• Environment Representation
• Consistent databases
• Line of sight calculation
• Terrain clutter degradation
• Weather effects

4
SIMULATION REQUIREMENTS

• Defensive Avionics Simulation
• Probability of mis-identification
• Probability of detection
• Impact of dense pulse environments
• Accurate counter-measures
• Command and Control
• Early warning and filter/command centers
• Communications
• Concepts of operations and intent

5
Next Generation ThreatSimulation System

• High fidelity threat environment generator
• Developed by Warfighter Training Research Div.
• Simulates threat systems weapons
• Simulates command and control
• Includes Threat Control Station
• Designed to operate with live, virtual, and
  constructive simulations
• Operates on both PC-based and VME-based systems

6
Next Generation ThreatSimulation System

• Threat systems fully represented using
  DIA-approved parametric source data.
• Transmission (RF, PRI, PW, etc)
• Antenna (gain, scan, sidelobe levels)
• Receiver (Clutter, ECM)
• Environment impacts operations of threat systems
• Clutter degradation defined by radar-specific
  parameters (both threat and defensive systems)
• Uses NIMA-derived surface reflectivity values
• Patches calculated at 60 Hz frame rate
• Line of sight accurate for emissions and missiles

7
Next Generation ThreatSimulation System

• Defensive Avionics Simulation
• Not actually part of NGTSS
• Bit-level simulation of AN/ALR-69 Radar Warning
  Receiver used on F-16 Simulators
• Establishes fidelity requirements for NGTSS
• Command and Control predicated on realistic
  knowledge
• No perfect early warning tracking
• Appropriate communications time-lines
• Concepts of operations can be targeted to AOI
• Varying aggression levels

8
Emission Data Transfer

• Relationship between simulation requirements
  resulted in technology push-pull
• Increased capability in one area drove increased
  requirements in other areas
• Bit-level representation of RWR required data
  faster (60 Hz updates) than typical DIS
  applications
• Same relationship exists between increased
  capabilities of threat system simulations and
  data transfer protocols
• Higher fidelity simulators require higher
  fidelity data
• Complex environments require improvements in data
  transfer

9
Distributed Emission Regeneration (DER)

• DER designed to compensate for limitations in
  computing capability
• Most legacy simulations take advantage of DER and
  only provide minimum support for emission
  requirements
• Recommendations
• Alternative approach for emitters to update
  specifically on changed data
• Recommend inclusion of all parametric data to
  model emissions, received signals, ECM, and
  effects
• Mandate inclusion of minimum emitter data set
  required for database-driven regeneration

10
Update Rates and Algorithms

• DIS emission updates based on state-of-the-art
  computing and bandwidth in 1995
• Few legacy simulations support changed data
  updates based on beam-center descriptors
• Few legacy simulations support default
  predetermined length of time updates (5 seconds)
• 5 second updates not adequate for multimode
  radars or two moving entities
• Recommendation
• Update DIS to provide for recommended update
  rates and algorithms to support higher fidelity
  threat simulations

11
Command and Control

• DMO requires support for signals intelligence and
  communications jamming
• Few legacy simulation systems provide adequate
  signals intelligence support or communications
  jamming
• DIS Radio Communications Protocol may be adequate
  to support these requirements
• Additional optional parameters may be required
  for specialized activities
• Recommendation
• Detailed analysis of the requirements and DIS
  capabilities be conducted for any update of the
  DIS protocols

12
Summary

• Distributed Mission Operations places additional
  requirements on simulations and distributed
  simulation protocols
• Most legacy simulations do not provide adequate
  support for electronic warfare within a DMO
  environment
• Current DMO exercises based on DIS or RPR FOM do
  not provide the fidelity of representation
  required for positive training or mission
  rehearsal
• DIS and RPR FOM required updating to meet DMO
  requirements