Class Reptilia

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Class Reptilia

• Common Name Reptiles

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Examples
Amblyrchynchus cristatus
Gavialis gangeticus
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Evolution

• Around 350 million years ago
• Separated from the amphibians
• The first reptiles were small four-legged lizards
• During the Mesozoic era (Age of Reptiles) the
  dinosaurs were the most plentiful vertebrates

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Symmetry and Body Cavity

• Bilateral symmetry
• Coelomate

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Structural Support

• Endoskeleton
• Have ribs and a spinal cord

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Nutrition and Digestion

• Crocodilia fish, turtles
• Squamata plants, goats, deer, small mammals,
  insects
• Rhynchocephalia insects, worms, and small
  mammals
• Digestive System
• Two openings
• Venom and saliva immobilizes prey
• Multiple curved teeth to pull prey into the
  throat and esophagus

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Transportation/Circulation

• Composed of two loops pulmonary and circulatory
• Save energy during circulatory

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Respiration

• Breathe using lungs
• Structure of Lungs
• Divided chambers
• Alveoli
• Snakes have a nonfunctioning left lung

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Water Balance and Excretion

• Gas exchange tissues must stay moist
• Conserve water through excretory system
• uric acid vs. ammonia and urea

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Reproduction

• Three patterns of reproduction
• oviparity females reproductive tract encloses
  egg in tough protective shell
• ovoviviparity -the female keeps the egg inside of
  her for a long amount of time
• viviparity shell doesnt form around egg, young
  kept in the females body until mature enough to
  be born

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Nervous System

• Has a cerebellum, optic lobe, cerebrum, olfactory
  lobe
• Brain of a reptile is the same size as amphibians
  

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Unique Characteristics

• Cold blooded
• Absorb heat through their skin
• Do not have to eat for long periods of time
• Jacobsons organ
• Sensitive to odors
• Have scales filled with keratin
• Some lizards can lose their tail and grow it back
• Snakes have loosely hinged upper/lower jaws can
  open to angle of 130 degrees

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Class Amphibia

• Common Name Amphibians

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Examples
Rhinoderma darwinii
Ambystoma cingulation
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Evolution

• 370 million years ago
• evolved from lobe-finned fishes
• the first vertebrates to live on land

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Symmetry and Body Cavity

• Bilateral symmetry
• Coelomate

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Structural Support

• Strong internal skeleton
• No ribs and flat skull

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Nutrition and Digestion

• Small insects, larvae, and other arthropods
• Large mice, snakes, fish and other amphibians
• Amphibian larvae algae or bacteria
• Digestive system
• Two openings mouth, vent
• The small intestine is divided into three sections

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Transportation/Circulation

• Pulmonary/Systematic Circulation
• Double-loop blood flow advantage over single-loop
  blood flow

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Respiration

• Larval Amphibians
• Use gills
• Adult Amphibians
• Use lungs
• Pulmonary/Cutaneous Respiration
• Positive-Pressure Breathing
• Inhalation/Exhalation

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Water Balance and Excretion

• Kidneys/Cloaca
• Store water in the bladder
• Convert ammonia to urea

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Reproduction

• Males two bean shaped testes near kidneys
• Females large lobed ovaries near kidneys
• Males climb onto females back, and grasps her
  into a amplexus
• Male will stay stuck to female until she lays the
  eggs
• After eggs released into the water, male will
  discharge sperm over them

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Nervous System

• Has the cerebrum, cerebellum, olfactory lobe,
  optic lobe, spinal nerves, medulla oblongata,
  spinal cord
• Ten pairs of nerves extend from brain
• Continuous communication in most areas of brain

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Unique Characteristics

• Live both on land and in water
• Breathe through both lungs and skin
• Mucous glands to keep skin moist
• Small intestine divided into 3 sections
• Dry periods water can be reabsorbed from the
  urine in the bladder

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Works Cited

• Feldkamp, ed. Modern Biology. Austin Holt,
  Rinehart and Winston, 2002.
• "Structure and function Endocrine System."
  Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. 2003.
• Structure and function Feeding and Digestion.
  Grizmeks Animal Life Encyclopedia. 2nd ed. 2003.