Stem Diseases

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Stem Diseases
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Stem Diseases

• Galls - swellings, or tumors
• Cankers - cambial invasion/necrosis,
  depressions or flat faces on
  infected stems, girdling of
  stems/branches
• Decays - rots, heartrots, etc.
• Vascular Wilts colonization and plugging of
  the vascular system
  (typically the xylem, but may involve the
  phloem

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Stem Diseases Decays
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Inonotus Rickii (Ptychogaster cubensis)
On Silver Maple -Illustrative of
decay. -Atypical indicators.
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Inonotus Rickii on Waxmyrtle
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REDHEART OF PINES a friendly rot(?)
Old pines only! Red-Cockaded Woodpecker
habitat.
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VASCULAR WILT Diseases
Oak Wilt Texas (Ceratocystis fagacearum)
Dutch Elm Disease Vermont (Ophiostoma ulmi)
Neither of these diseases occurs in Florida as
yet.
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Dutch Elm Disease
Vascular Streaking
3.8.8
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Fusarium Wilt of Waxmyrtle
(Fusarium oxysporum)
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Bacterial Leaf Scorch (BLS) Xylella fastidiosa
Sycamore, Oaks, and others.
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• Environmental Considerations and Vascular Wilts
• Xylella fastidiosa

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Galls
Nectria on redbud.
Cylindrocarpon on mangrove.
Eastern gall rust on sand pine.
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Galls Sphaeropsis Knot of Holly, etc.
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Cankers Botryosphaeria
Drought Injury - Related
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Botryosphaeria on Leyland Cypress ( illustration)
Infection progresses from smaller branches
to larger branches.
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Cankers Nectria
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Cankers Cryphonectria
Yellow-Orange Pycnidial Perithecial Stromata
Chestnut Blight, etc.
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Chrysoporthe cubensis on Live Oak
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What about Chrysoporthe cubensis?

• The fungus is related to the Chestnust Blight
  fungus.
• It is a known canker fungus on eucalyptus in many
  tropical areas of the world.
• It has not been previously reported on Quercus
  spp.
• We have now recovered it three times from live
  oak in Florida (twice from roots, once from
  impressive cankers).
• What does all this mean?

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A New Kid in Town Seiridium Canker
Branch flagging Stem cankering Resinosis
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What we know about Seiridium canker and Seiridium
spp.

• Cause(s) of Cypress Canker on Cupressaceae
• S. cardinale damage to planted Monterey pine
  and Italian cypress in California (1915)
• Reported on Leylands in South Carolina (1987)
• Epidemic on C. sempervirens in Mediterranean
  Region
• Three species of concern
• S. cardinale considered ( most pathogenic)
• S. cupressi (?)
• S. unicorne (least aggressive secondary)

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Hypoxylon Cankers (Biscogniauxia)
Hard, crusty, silver-gray or black
ascostromata and dusty brown conidia.
After effects not causes of tree death.
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PITCH CANKER OF PINES
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(No Transcript)
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Fusiform Rust of Pines
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Fusiform Rust of Pines
Management -hazard maps -nursery sprays
-genetic resistance -decision models
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Surgical Treatment of Fusiform Rust Galls
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Bacterial Wetwood Slime Flux

• Bacteria enter wood primarily via root wounds.
• Slime Flux is external expression.
• Many anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic
  bacterial genera.
• This stuff stinks!
• Generally unimportant.

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