Muscles of the Face

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Myology 1 (HS 113)
Lecture 3 Muscles of the Head and Face
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NAMING OF MUSCLES
1. Direction of muscle fibers a. Rectus fibers
run parallel to the midline (rectus
abdominis) b. Transverse fibers
run perpendicular to the midline
(transverse abdominis) c. Oblique fibers run
diagonally to the midline (external
oblique) 2. Location a.
named for a nearby bone (frontalis) frontal
bone b. position relative to a bone
(tibialis anterior) tibia c. section
of a muscle having more than one part (anterior
deltoid)
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NAMING OF MUSCLES (cont)
3. Size a. large muscle (gluteus maximus) b.
small muscle (gluteus minimus) c. long muscle
(extensor digitorum longus) d. short muscle
(peroneus brevis) 4. Number of origins a. two
origins biceps femoris b. three origins
triceps brachii c. four origins pronator
quadratus
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NAMING OF MUSCLES (cont)
5. Shape a. triangular deltoid b. trapezoid
trapezius c. saw-toothed serratus
d. rhomboid or diamond shaped rhomboids 6.
Origin and Insertion a. sternum, clavicle, and
mastoid process SCM
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NAMING OF MUSCLES (cont)
7. Action a. decreases an angle of a
joint flexor digitorum b. increases an
angle of a joint extensor carpi ulnaris
c. moves bone away from midline abductor
pollicis brevis d. moves bone closer to
midline adductor longus e. upward
movement levator scapulae f. downward
movement depressor labii g. turns palm up or
anteriorly supinator h. turns palm down or
posteriorly pronator i. decreases size of an
opening external anal sphincter j. makes a
body part more rigid tensor fascia latae
k. moves a bone around its longitudinal axis
rotator
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Muscles of Head Overview

• Divided into 3 groups
• Muscles of the Scalp
• Muscles of the Face (Eyes, Nose, and Mouth)
• Muscles of Mastication

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Muscles of the Head Overview

• Muscle of head are located superficially in the
  fascia and therefore move the fascia of the scalp
  and/or face.
• Muscles of scalp move scalp, ears, eyebrows
• Muscles of facial expression subdivided into
  muscles that move
• Skin around eyes
• Skin around nose
• Skin around mouth
• Muscles of mastication attach to mandible which
  is necessary for chewing i.e. mastication.

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Muscles of Head Overview

• Innervation
• Muscles of scalp innervated by facial nerve
  (CNVII).
• Muscles of facial expression innervated by facial
  nerve (CN VII)
• Muscles of mastication innervated by trigeminal
  nerve (CN V).

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Muscles of the Scalp

• Occipitofrontalis
• Can be considered 2 separate muscles the
  occipitalis and
• frontalis
• Both attach into the galea aponeurotica
• Galea aponeurotica is broad flat tendon also
  known as the epicranial aponeurosis
• Temporoparietalis
• Also attaches into galea aponeurotica.
• Degree of development varies some people it is
  thin other it is
• non- existent.
• Occipitofrontalis and temporoparietalis are known
  as the
• epicranius
• Auriculares
• One, two, or all three are nonfunctional in many
  people
• Smallest is anterior auricularis, largest is
  posterior auricularis

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Occipitalis

• O Occipital temporal bones
• I Galea aponeurotica
• A draws scalp posteriorly
• I CN VII (Facial nerve)

Palpation page 15
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Frontalis

• O Galea aponeurotica
• I Fascia and skin superior to the eye and nose
• A draws scalp anteriorly and elevates the
  eyebrows
• I CN VII (Facial nerve)

Palpation page 15
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Temporoparietalis

• O Fascia superior to ear
• I Lateral border of galea aponeurotica
• A Elevates ear and Tightens the scalp
• N CN VII (Facial nerve)

Palpation page 18
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Auricularis

• O Anterior anterior fascia of the ear
• Superior lateral margin of the
• galea aponeurotica
• Posterior temporal bone
• I Anterior Spine of helix
• Superior Superior aspect of
• cranial surface of the ear
• Posterior Posterior ear
• A Anterior draws ear anteriorly
• Superior elevates ear
• Posterior draws ear posteriorly
• N CN VII (Facial nerve)

Palpation page 20
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Muscles of Facial ExpressionEye Muscles

• Orbicularis oculi
• Under both conscious/unconscious control i.e.
  blinking
• When entire muscle is contracted eyelids
  surrounding area will be drawn medially
  decreasing amount of light entering eye
• Levator palpebrae superioris
• Attaches from sphenoid bone to upper eyelid.
• Nerve memory hint columns (CN III) opens the
  eye.
• Corrugator supercilii
• Draws eyebrows inferiorly/medially as in frowning
  causing vertical wrinkles superomedially to eye.

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Orbicularis Oculi

• O Medial side of eye
• I Medial side of eye (returns to same attachment
  encircling the eye)
• A Closes squints the
• eye. Also assists in tear
• transport and drainage
• N CN VII (Facial nerve)

Palpation page 35
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Levator Palpebrae Superioris

• O Sphenoid Bone
• I Upper Eyelid
• A Elevates upper eyelid
• N CN III (Oculomotor nerve)

Palpation page 38
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Corrugator Supercilii

• O Inferior frontal bone
• I Skin deep to medial eyebrow
• A Draws eyebrow inferomedially
• N CN VII (Facial nerve)

Palpation page 40
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Muscles of Facial ExpressionNose Muscles

• Procerus
• Often blends with frontalis superiorly and
  nasalis inferiorly
• Gives look of frowning and also helps shield eyes
  from bright light
• Person may convey air of superiority (hence
  procerus meaning chief, noble or prince).
• Nasalis
• Transverse part sometimes called compressor nasi
  and alar part dilatator nasi
• Blends with procerus superiorly
• Depressor Septi Nasi
• Sometimes considered part of alar portion of
  nasalis

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Procerus
O Fascia over nasal bone I Skin between
eyebrows A Draws down medial eyebrows. Also
wrinkles the skin of the nose N CN VII (Facial
nerve)
Palpation page 42
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Nasalis
O Maxilla I Cartilage of Nose and Opposite
side Nasalis muscle A Flares nostrils N CN
VII (Facial nerve)
Palpation page 44
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Depressor Septi Nasi
O Incisive fossa of the maxilla I Cartilage
of Nose A Constricts nostrils N CN VII
(Facial nerve)
Palpation page 46