Remote monitoring of a coastal wetland in Lake Erie

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Remote monitoring of a coastal wetland in Lake
Erie
Nishanthi Wijekoon Kent State University, OH
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• Overview

• Using Landsat5 TM data (2005)
• Generating a calibration curve
  to quantify total suspended particulate
  (TSP) concentration during summer
• Varimax-rotated Principle component analysis
  to
  identify the distribution of
  ? phytoplankton
  ? Macrophytes
  ? Terrigenous component -
  suspended sediment
  - exposure of mud flats
  

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Vegetation types in OWC estuary
Other terrestrial vegetation
Phragmites

• Image from 6-30-2005

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Dynamic barrier beach- summer 2005
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Sample collection Laboratory Analysis (Summer
2005)

• Samples collected at the same days when Landsat 5
  TM satellite over-passes the area (once every 16
  days)
• GPS referenced15 sampling stations along the
  creek

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• Parameters measured
• ?Total Suspended particulate (TSP)
  concentration
• (Instrument - Malvern Masterizer 2000)
• ? Chlorophyll-a absorption (Chl-a)
• (Instrument - LabSpecPro FR
  Spectrophotometer)

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Malvern Masterizer 2000
Total Suspended particulate (TSP) concentration
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LabSpecPro FR Spectrophotometer
Chlorophyll-a absorption
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Satellite Image Analysis

• Software - PCI Geomatica 10.0
• Image source - www.ohioview.org
• Used back ground corrected Landsat 5 TM images
• Remote sensing Indeces
• calculated regression coefficients for NDWI
• Normalized Difference Water Index
• Normalized Surface Wetness Index
• Principle Component Analysis (varimax rotated)

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Landsat5 TM bands used for the study
Band number
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Dark object subtracted 751 band combination
April-11 May-13 May-29
June-14 June-30
August-01 August-17
September-02 October-04

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April-11 May-13 May-29
June-14 June-30
NSWI
August-01 August-17
September-02 October-04

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Chlorophyll-a absorption (0.663 mm)
Absorption peak from
LabSpec Pro FR Spectrophotometer
Source Raven et al. 1976
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• Measurement of absorption peak- height at 0.663
  mm
• Determine by linear interpolation

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• Principle Component Analysis (PCA) varimax
  rotated
• ? Landsat5 TM images from April-11 to
  October-04 in 2005 (9 Images)
• ? collected reflectance data from bands
  1-5 7 (6 bands)
• Software - PCI Geomatica 10.0
• ? PCA
• Software - SPSS
• ? Result Interpretation in spline
  technique
• Software - ArcMap 9.0

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Spectral pattern of rotated component matrix
Extraction method- Principle component
analysis Rotation method- Varimax with Kaiser
normalization
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Factor-1 (Phytoplankton, variance 42.25)
April-11 May-13 May-29 June-14
June-30 Aug.-01 Aug.-17 Sep.-02
Oct.-04
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Factor-2 (Terrigenous component, variance
31.41)
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September-02
Factor 2 represents the exposure of mudflats
Star Island
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October-04
Star Island
Star Island
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Comparison of spectral patterns
Varimax-rotated Principle component analysis
LabSpec Pro spectrophotometer
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Factor-3 (Macrophytes,variance 20.31)
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Comparison of spectral patterns
Varimax-rotated Principle component analysis
LabSpec Pro spectrophotometer
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Star Island
Spring
Mid-Summer
Fall
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Further studies

• Continue field studies in summer 2006
• to validate the calibration data of NDWI and
  TSP concentration
• to evaluate the factor identification of
  principal component analysis

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Conclusion

• A positive correlation exists between total
  suspended particulate (TSP) concentration and
  NDWI
• Comparison of the results of principal component
  analysis (PCA) with spectral patterns and ground
  observations identifies the temporal and spatial
  distribution of
• ? Factor-1 as phytoplankton (variance
  42) ?
  Factor-2 as terrigeneous component (variance 31)
  ? Factor-3 as macrophytes (variance 20)

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Acknowledgements

• Dr. Joseph Ortiz
• Kent State University, OH
• Funding NOAA NERR GR Fellowship
• OWC Research Staff
• (Frank Lopez, Dr. David Klarer)