RECIDIVISM IN VIOLENCE AMONG DELINQUENT THAI JUVENILE - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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RECIDIVISM IN VIOLENCE AMONG DELINQUENT THAI JUVENILE

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Title: RECIDIVISM IN VIOLENCE AMONG DELINQUENT THAI JUVENILE


1
RECIDIVISM IN VIOLENCE AMONG DELINQUENT THAI
JUVENILES
Geographic Situation and Risk Factor Analysis
Supaporn Upalabat Pimpan
Silpasuwan Chukiet Vivatwongkasem Pitakpol
Bunyamalik
2
Part 1Introduction
3
  • Recidivism in violence is a massive and ever
    growing problem in every part of the world that
  • merits serious attention
  • (W.H.O., 2002)

4
Problem and significance of recidivism in violence
  • Becomes a more frequent and a common occurrence.
  • Becomes an inevitable hardened criminal
    behaviors, as it has for adult crime.
  • Directly affects society and leads to mental
    health problems.
  • Harms to individuals (victims and juveniles),
    families, communities, societies, and the nation
    deeply (death, illness, disability and quality of
    life).

5
Problem and significance of recidivism in violence
  • Increases the cost of health and welfare services
  • Reduces productivity
  • Decreases property value
  • Disrupts a range of essential services
  • Undermines the fabric of society
  • Often relates to other problems
  • (i.e., truancy and dropping out of school,
    substance abuse, sexual abuse, compulsive lying,
    reckless driving, high STD rate, mental health
    and behavior disorder)

6
Problem and significance of recidivism in violence
  • In Thailand
  • 26.8 million children and youths (1/4 pop)
  • Almost 1 are juvenile delinquents
  • 91 are male
  • 7 are poor
  • gt 12 are recidivists
  • From 1996-2006
  • recidivism cases ? 109
  • recidivism in violence cases ? 676

7
Number of juvenile cases Handled by all Juvenile
Observation and Protection Centers , 1995 2006,
classified by age.
8
Percentage of recidivism cases Handled by all
Juvenile Observation and Protection Centers, 1995
2006, classified by recidivism cases.
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Violence Offense of life and body or relating
to sexuality (Criteria of the Department of
Juvenile Observation and Protection)
  • Offense life and body
  • - Murder or malicious killing
  • - Manslaughter
  • - Attempt murder
  • - Negligent murder
  • - Affray murder
  • - Bodily harm
  • - Attempted bodily harm
  • - Assembly of 10 or more peoples
  • - Negligent bodily and mental harm
  • - Affray grievous bodily harm
  • - Abortion
  • Offense relating to sexuality
  • - Indecent act
  • - Rape
  • - Attempted rape
  • - Orbation
  • - Ravishment
  • - Attempted sexual offense

11
  • Recidivism in violence problem
  • Multidimensional nature
  • Recidivism rate higher than the standard
  • Knowledge of situation and factors related are
  • ambiguous
  • Limited research study
  • Like an epidemic worldwide

12
Theoretical Framework Containment Theory
  • Inner (Internal factor)
  • i.e.,
  • Low intelligent
  • Aggressive behavior
  • Low level of frustration tolerance
  • No internalized morals and
  • ethics
  • No developed ego and
  • superego
  • Drug abuse
  • Having antisocial attitude
  • etc.
  • Outer (External factor)
  • i.e.,
  • Family weakness
  • Risk community
  • No constraints social roles
  • and norms (such as consistent
  • moral values, institutional
  • support for internal values,
  • positive role models, reasonable
  • limits and responsibilities, and
  • sense of belongingness)
  • etc.

Weakness of both inner and outer control
Committed crime/ delinquent
13
Research Question
  • What is the high risk geographic distribution of
  • recidivism in violence among delinquent Thai
  • juvenile?
  • What are the risk factors associated with
  • recidivism in violence among delinquent Thai
    juvenile?

14
Research Objective
  • To investigate high risk geographic distribution
    of recidivism in violence among delinquent Thai
    juvenile.
  • To determine risk factors associated with
  • recidivism in violence among delinquent Thai
  • juvenile.

15
Conceptual Framework
  • Internal factor
  • Individual
  • Demographic characteristic
  • (age, age of first crime, gender, place of
    crime)
  • - Psychological and behavioral characteristic
  • (I.Q, attitude toward crime, temperament,)
  • Behavioral characteristic (aggressiveness,
    criminal history, alcohol use)

Recidivism in violence juvenile delinquency
  • External factor
  • Peer influences
    School and education
  • Gang membership
    - School performance
  • Gang involvement
    - School attachment

  • - Education
    level
  • Family influences
  • Family income -
    Family relationship
  • Family income sufficiency -
    Parental Education
  • - Family size
    - Parental status
  • - Parenting Style
    - Parental criminal history
  • - Parental substance abuse -
    Parental mental health problem
  • Community influences
  • - Community environment -
    Community cohesion
  • - Community violent crime -
    Community religiousness

16
Part 2. Methodology
17
Research Design
Phase. 1 Cross-sectional study design
- investigate high risk geographic
distribution of recidivism in violence
among delinquent Thai
juvenile - using the mixture model in
disease mapping - the study
units are all 76 JOPCs, Thailand. Phase. 2
Case-control study design - determine
risk factor associated with recidivism in
violence among delinquent Thai
juvenile - using logistic
regression model
18
Source of data
Data for cross-sectional design (phase 1.)
recidivism in violence secondary data
January-December 2006
Data for case control study design (phase 2.)
recidivism and non-recidivism cases in high
risk area (from phase 1.)
collect cases and controls at a ratio of 12
October 2007 April 2008 (6 mo.)
19
Population
Case group - The recidivism cases in violent
delinquent Thai juvenile - Repeat the offense in
life and body and/or relating to sexuality
more than one time. Control group - The
non-recidivism cases who ever committed the
offense of life and body, and/ or relating to
sexuality only one time. - Not repeat this
offense within 6 month after released from
the JOPC, Thailand.
20
Sample, sample size, and sample selection
Phase 1. - use all secondary data of
recidivism in violence among
Thai juvenile delinquent in the year 2006 Phase
2. - simple random sampling - 250
cases (Violent recidivist from JOPC in
high distribution of
recidivism in violence) - 500
controls (Non violent recidivist from probation
list of JOPC at the same province as case)
- Total 750
21
Recruitment Inclusion criteria
  • Case
  • The recidivism cases among violent juvenile
    delinquents
  • Age 7-18 years
  • Incarcerated in the offense of life and body,
    and/or relating to sexuality gt 1 time
  • Training in JOPC since Jan 1, 2007 (in the
    province with high recidivism rate identified in
    phase 1.)
  • Thai nationality
  • Willingness to participate in this study, and
    signed in consent form
  • - Full consciousness when communicating
  • Control
  • The non-recidivist violent juvenile delinquent
  • Age 7-18 years
  • Having committed an offense of life and body,
    and/ or relating to sexuality only once and did
    not repeat this offense within 6 months (after
    released from JOPC since Jan 1, 2007)
  • Reporting to their probation officer 6 months
    (after released from JOPC in the province with
    high recidivism rate identified in phase 1.)
  • Thai nationality
  • Willingness to participate in this study, and
    signed in consent form
  • - Full consciousness when communicating

22
Research Instrument
Phase 1 - Recidivism in violence record
form Phase 2 - Recidivism in violence
questionnaire - Aggressive
behavior assessment - Attitude
toward crime assessment - I.Q
record form
Data collection
Phase 1. using secondary data from the annual
report of DJOP in the period
2006 (Jan.- Dec. 2006) Phase2. using the
result from phase 1 as a sampling frame
23
Data analysis and statistic used
Cross-sectional study - Mixture Model for
statistical analysis of Disease Mapping
Case-control study - Univariate
statistic frequency, chi-square
test, and odd ratios - Multivariate
statistic Multiple logistic
regression
24
Ethical consideration
  • Committee of the Protection of Human Subjects
  • of Mahidol University
  • Committee of Department of Juvenile Observation
  • and Protection, Thailand
  • Verbal approval
  • Giving the essential information
  • Consent form
  • Keep all data with safely and securely

25
Part 3. Results
26
Figure 1. Disease map for recidivism in violence
among delinquent Thai juveniles
in 2006 using the mixture model approach.
Components High risk area (p 0.3705 ?
1.5973) Moderate risk area (p 0.4237 ?
0.9967) Low risk area (p 0.2058 ? 0.5687)
27
Statistical significance at ? 0.10
28
Statistical significance at ? 0.10
29
Statistical significance at ? 0.10
30
Statistical significance at ? 0.10
31
Statistical significance at ? 0.10
32
Statistical significance at ? 0.10
33
Statistical significance at ? 0.10
34
Multiple logistic regression model for factor
associated with recidivism in violence among
Thai delinquent juvenile.
35
Part 4. Discussion and conclusion
36
  • Public health discipline of knowledge aspect
  • 2. Professional aspect
  • 2.1 Education aspect
  • 2.2 Practice aspect
  • 2.3 Administration aspect
  • 3. Social aspect

37
Recidivism in violence among Thai delinquent
juvenile situation Factor associated with
recidivism in violence - Individual - Peer -
School - Family - Community Promotion and
Prevention Further study
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