Nutrition Lab

1
Nutrition Lab
2
Dry Matter vs. As Fed

• Dry Matter Basis Feedstuff after H20 has been
  removed
• Better indicator of value of feed
• As-Fed Basis Feedstuff containing H20

3
Dry Matter vs. As Fed

• Dry Matter Basis Feedstuff after H20 has been
  removed
• Better indicator of value of feed
• Purchase
• 1 ton of corn that is 90 DM
• vs.
• 1 ton of corn that is 80 DM
• As-Fed Basis Feedstuff containing H20

4
Dry Matter vs. As Fed

• Dry Matter Basis Feedstuff after H20 has been
  removed
• Better indicator of value of feed
• Purchase
• 1 ton of corn that is 90 DM 1800 lbs
• vs.
• 1 ton of corn that is 80 DM 1600 lbs
• 
  200 lbs (H20)
• As-Fed Basis Feedstuff containing H20

5
Feedstuffs

• Energy Feeds Concentrates Major source of energy
• - lt 18 crude fiber
• - examples

6
Feedstuffs

• Energy Feeds Concentrates Major source of energy
• - lt 18 crude fiber
• - examples Cereal grains, corn, milo, barley,
  wheat oats

7
Feedstuffs

• Energy Feeds Concentrates Major source of energy
• - lt 18 crude fiber
• - examples Cereal grains, corn, milo, barley,
  wheat oats
• 2) Roughages Feedstuffs that contain gt 18
  crude fiber
• examples Hays, straws, stover

8
Feedstuffs

• Energy Feeds Concentrates Major source of energy
• - lt 18 crude fiber
• - examples Cereal grains, corn, milo, barley,
  wheat oats
• 2) Roughages Feedstuffs that contain gt 18
  crude fiber
• examples Hays, straws, stover
• 3) Supplements Anything that adds protein or
  energy
• Protein gt20 Crude protein
• Soybean meal, urea
• Vitamin/mineral
• Protein / Energy Wet corn gluten feed,
  distillers grains

9
Physical Form of Grains

• 1) Dry
• Whole
• Cracked
• Ground
• Pelleted
• Rolled
• Steam flaked
• Meal

• Liquid
• - Adhesion properties
• - Minimize dust
• - Increase energy density of diet (Fats and
  Oils)

10
Altering the Physical Form of Grains

• Dry
• Whole
• Cracked
• Ground
• Pelleted
• Rolled
• Steam flaked
• Meal

WHY?
11
Altering the Physical Form of Grains

• 1) Dry
• Whole
• Cracked
• Ground
• Pelleted
• Rolled
• Steam flaked
• Meal

• Decrease particle size

12
Altering the Physical Form of Grains

• 1) Dry
• Whole
• Cracked
• Ground
• Pelleted
• Rolled
• Steam flaked
• Meal

• Decrease particle size
• Increase intake

13
Altering the Physical Form of Grains

• 1) Dry
• Whole
• Cracked
• Ground
• Pelleted
• Rolled
• Steam flaked
• Meal

• Decrease particle size
• Increase intake
• Increase digestibility

14
Altering the Physical Form of Grains

• 1) Dry
• Whole Slow
• Cracked
• Ground
• Pelleted
• Rolled
• Steam flaked
• Meal fast

• Decrease particle size
• Increase intake
• Increase digestibility

15
Altering the Physical Form of Grains

• 1) Dry
• Whole Slow
• Cracked
• Ground
• Pelleted
• Rolled
• Steam flaked
• Meal fast

• Decrease particle size
• Increase intake
• Increase digestibility
• Increase starch availability

16
Digestive Tract Overview
17
Classification of digestive systems

• By site of digestion
• 1. Monogastrics
• 2. Hindgut fermentors (non-ruminant
  herbivores)
• 3. Ruminants
• By diet Selection
• 1. Herbivores
• Plants
• 2. Carnivores
• Animal tissue
• 3. Omnivores
• Both plants and animals

18
Carnivore Omnivore
Herbivorescat, dog chicken, pig, human
horse, ruminant
Stomach morphology
19
Carnivore Omnivore
Herbivorescat, dog chicken, pig, human
horse, ruminant
Stomach morphology
Size of digestive tract
20
Carnivore Omnivore
Herbivorescat, dog chicken, pig, human
horse, ruminant
Stomach morphology
Size of digestive tract
-

Complexity of digestive tract
21
Carnivore Omnivore
Herbivorescat, dog chicken, pig, human
horse, ruminant
Stomach morphology
Size of digestive tract
-

Complexity of digestive tract
-

Ability to use fibrous feeds
22
Carnivore Omnivore
Herbivorescat, cow, dog chicken, pig,
human horse, ruminant
23
Ruminants (cattle, sheep, bison, etc) - 4
compartments

• 1. Reticulum (honeycomb)
• Safety net (sharp material)
• Rumen (paunch)
• Fermentation vat containing bacteria protozoa
• Omasum ( Many plies)
• Water Absorption

24
Reticular epithelium
25
Rumen papillae
26
Omasal epithelium
27
VI. Stomach

• Abomasum, Glandular stomach, Proventriculus
• Little to no absorption of compounds
• Chemical enzymatic digestion
• HCl denatures proteins (particles are broken
  down)
• Some mechanical digestion
• Particle breakdown due to churning action

28
Esophageal (cardiac) sphincter
Esophagus
Duodenum
Pyloric Sphincter
Rugae
Pyloric antrum
29
(No Transcript)