Unit 7: The Roaring 20s, The Great Depression, and WWII

1
Unit 7 The Roaring 20s, The Great Depression,
and WWII

• Mayra Angel, Aaron Jenkins, and Mauricus Lofton

2
The New Era

• After the Great War normal businesses resumed,
  there was inflation, a lost generation, a
  renaissance, flappers, and events leading to the
  Great Depression.

3
Effects of WWI and Reactions

• Inflation
• Bureau of the Budget
• Secretary of Treasury Mellon, tax cuts
• Mc-Nary-Haugen Bill

4
INFLATION

• With victory, Americans demanded Germany to pay
  their war costs
• Germans printed paper money eventually leading to
  inflation.
• Adolf Hitler appealed to the starving billions

5
BUREAU OF THE BUDGET

• Restraints would be placed on federal
  expenditures for the 1st time
• Budget of Accounting Act of 1921 created the
  Bureau

• Charles Dawes appointed as 1st director

6
SECRETARY OF TREASURY

• Mellon believed in trickle-down economics
• Decided to reduce taxes on high incomes
  corporations
• By the time he was done with tax cut, congress
  nearly halved taxes

7
McNary-Haugen Bill

• After the Great War agriculture pursuits resumed
  in Europe
• Prices for American farmers plummeted
• American prices protected by high tariffs
• Coolidge vetoed measure

8
Reparations

• Five Power Treaty, Four Power Treaty, Nine Power
  Treaty
• Twenty-one Demands
• World Court Reparations
• Dawes Plan
• Kellogg-Briand Treaty

9
5-Power, 4-Power, 9-Power Treaty

• 5-power
• Limited tonnage of aircraft carriers ships
• Made rules of warfare applying to ships
  outlawed use of gas
• 4-Power
• Agreement to respect each others

10
Continued

• possessions in the Pacific
• 9-Power
• Japan returns territory to China
• China has control over its tariff
• Glitches ignored in London Geneva
• Future catastrophes eminent

11
Twenty-one Demands

• Presented to China by Japan
• Designed to give Japan regional ascendancy over
  China
• Demands dealt with Japan guiding
• Demands annulled at Washington Conference (where
  naval disarmament was established).

12
World Court Reparations

• 15 Judges voting independently
• No two from same country
• Problems between nations solved

13
Dawes Plan

• Solution for the collection of German reparation
  debt
• Reparation payment of 20 billion marks would
  begin at 1 billion marks increase each year
• Obvious that Germany wasnt able to continue with
  annual payments

14
Kellogg-Briand (1928-1929)

• Treaty providing for renunciation of war as an
  instrument of national policy
• General Pact against War
• Proved meaningless

15
New Religions

• Prohibition
• KKK
• Fundamentalists

16
Prohibition

• Prohibitionists saw alcohol as a major problem
  for poor immigrants
• Corrupting influence of saloon culture
• 18th amendment - prohibition of liquor
• Private citizens still drank
• Consumption reduced to half

17
KKK

• Modern Klan reflected insecurities of New Era
• blamed immigrants, uppity women, and African
  Americans.
• Native born, white, protestant
• Disbanded due to corruption

18
Fundamentalists

• Argument of evolution
• Spiritual quests
• Growing Catholicism
• Traditionalists turned to Fundamentalism not just
  as religious, but also political.

19
Politics

• Immigration Acts
• Scopes Trial

20
Immigration Acts 1921

• Introduced a quota system
• Nations allowed an annual quota of 3
• Ended Asian immigration until after WWII
• Repealed 1965

21
Scopes Trial

• Fundamentalist desire to preserve traditions of
  rural America
• Believed Charles Darwin represented a corrupting
  Godless nature
• A teacher taught evolution

22
Changing Ways

• Flappers
• Lost Generation
• Harlem Renaissance
• Henry Ford
• Marcus Garvey

23
Flappers

• Many young men died in the war
• Generation of women without suitors
• Enjoyed life
• Term appeared after WWII

24
Lost Generation

• Sought bohemian lifestyle rejected values of
  American materialism
• Many fled to France during WWI
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Ernest Hemingway

25
Harlem Renaissance

• New Negro
• Spin on African American cultural life
• Jazz and Writing central part
• Literature, art, music, dance flourished in
  Harlem, New York City

• Langston Hughes first self-supporting African
  American writer

26
Henry FordModel T

• Reasonably priced
• Reliable
• Efficient
• Initiated new era in personal transportation
• Used interchangeable parts assembly line

27
Marcus Garvey

• Struggled for freedom
• Hailed as Black Moses
• Champion of BACK TO AFRICA MOVEMENT

28
Causes of Great Depression

• Worst economic slump
• Black Friday
• Unequal distribution of Wealth
• High Tariffs, war debts
• Overproduction in Industry Agriculture

29
Effects

• Hoovervilles
• Bonus Army

30
Roosevelt and The New Deal
The Great Depression spawned Franklin Roosevelts
New Deal, which attacked the along three broad
fronts recovery for the economy, relief for the
needy, and reform to ward off future depressions.
31
The Hundred Days

• Recovery, Relief, Reform
• The New Deal unfolded in 1933 with a burst of
  legislation
• Recovery through planning and cooperation with
  business

• Relief for the unemployed
• Reform of the economic system
• Alphabet Soup Programs

32
The Second Hundred Days

• A little to the left of center
• Government sought to soften the excesses of
  business
• Protect the needy
• Compensate for swings in economy

• Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
• Social Securities Act
• Nation Labor Relations Act

33
New Deal and Mexicans

• Mexican folk tradition of self-help
• Low voter turnout
• Occupations caused them to lay beyond New Deal
• Dennis Chavez
• Mexican Americans remained in poverty

34
New Deal and African Americans

• New Deal, voting revolution
• 1936 3 of 4 blacks cast votes for FDR.
• Let Jesus lead you, and FDR feed you.
• Urban League, NAACP
• Racial tension persisted under the New Deal

35
New Deal and Women

• New Deals agencies offered women jobs
• Democratic Party machine
• Gender equality was not high on the agenda

36
Americas Rise to Globalism

• World War II deepened the global interdependence
  of nations and left the United States as the
  greatest economic and military power in the world.

37
The U.S. in a Troubled War

• U.S. Pacific interests created tensions with
  Japan
• Trouble abroad encouraged the U.S. to adopt a
  Good Neighbor Policy
• The rise of fascism and militarism in Europe and
  Asia split the U.S. on how to handle the
  immanence of war
• -Internationalists
• -Isolationists

38
Continued

• Neutrality Legislation severely limited the U.S.
  - Cash-and-Carry Policy
• Appeasement
• Germanys invasion of Poland.
• Isolationism
• - Lend-lease aid
• - Atlantic Charter
• Pearl Harbor

39
A Global War

• The U.S. decided to concentrate on Europe first
  and then move on to the Pacific
• Defeat, at first, obscured the Allies strength
• Allied strengths
• Allied successes

40
War Production

• War Production Board
• Scientific advancements
• Revenue Act of 1942
• War Labor Board
• Women in the workforce
• Global labor migrations

41
A Question of Rights

• Aliens of enemy nationality
• American concentration camps
• - Issei
• - Nisei
• -Internment camps
• -Korematsu and Hirabayshi challenge U.S.
  government

42
A Question of Rights Continued

• Minorities on the job
• - FEPC
• Urbanization of minorities

43
Winning the War

• D-Day
• Pacific Campaigns

44
Consolidating Peace

• Big Three Diplomacy
• Yalta Conference
• - Dispute over Poland
• - Division of Germany
• UNO
• Potsdam
• - Hiroshima and Nagasaki