ESPON project 1'3'3 Integrating culture in European spatial analysis: methods, issues, results

1
ESPON project 1.3.3Integrating culture in
European spatial analysis methods, issues,
results

• ANTONIO PAOLO RUSSO
• EURICUR Rotterdam
• Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona

2
Methodological problems and limitations

• In some cases, data difficult to obtain
• Database collection started from scratch
• Inconsistent databases across countries
• example map A.0
• Nature of data
• subjective judgements on what is culture
• Lack of time series static analysis
• Spatial effects not always evident further
  elaboration needed
• Cross-effects with other ESPON dimensions not
  always evident / causal relations not always clear

3
Output of 1.3.3 base indicators

• 20 indicators of CHI complete EU cover NUTS II
  or III
• Commodity focus. presence, density, potential use
  pressure of
• Heritage assets intangible immovable heritage
• Heritage landscapes heritage conjuncts with
  spatial extension
• Museums movable heritage reunited in a place
• Productive focus
• Cultural professions ( creative jobs)
• Capacity focus
• Cultural diversity (diversity index according to
  nationalities)
• Attainment level ( highly educed residents)
• Other incomplete datasets used to do analysis /
  case studies
• Events, ethnic diversity, university output, etc.
  

4
Output of 1.3.3 regional categories

• Classification 1 based on demand-supply
  analysis
• Define a market for cultural assets (main focus
  on tourism)
• Objectives classify regions by match between
  (potential) demands and supply of heritage assets
• Classification 2 based on functional
  specialisations of culture
• Rank regions according to their relative and
  combined specialisation with respect to three
  main functional aspects of culture
• Conservation how likely is a region to protect
  its cultural resources
• Production how likely is a region to produce new
  cultural assets
• Valorisation how likely is a region to sell
  its cultural resources
• Build indices of C, P, and V from ESPON 1.3.3
  indicators rule of thumb method!
• Maps based on C, P, V rankings and on combined
  specialisations
• Classification 3 based on cross-thematic
  analysis of ESPON 1.3.3 and other ESPON projects
• Objectives classify regions by outstanding
  relations between cultural features and other
  ESPON measures

5
Resulting map

• Pale yellow areas balance, unexceptional value
  of D and S
• A few green areas (Vienna, Inner London)
  theres a lot to see, and also a lot of users.
• Pink areas (Brussels, Prague, Berlin) a lot to
  see but fewer potential users.
• Light blue areas low D, low S
• Ochre areas (most of Italy, Cyprus, Manchester,
  Bratislava) a very high pressure compared to
  resources
• Policies are needed to upgrade
• All regions would want to be green, red, or pink

6

• CPV large urban areas Highlands, Estonia,
  Aragon
• CP secondary cities
• CV rural areas
• PV (post)-industrial cities
• C secondary urban centres, rural areas
• P smaller production clusters
• V mostly coastal tourism destinations
• POLICY RULE develop unfocused cultural functions!

7
Cross-thematic analysis main results

• Interesting relation between urban structure and
  cultural attributes
• Culture as a socio-economic determinant
• Cultural excellence vs. competitiveness (Lisbon
  Strategy)
• Other territorial features analysed vs. culture
• Vulnerability
• Accessibility
• Diversity

8
Key policy implications

• LOCAL LEVEL
• Improve regional positioning with respect to
  regional categories through targeted strategies
  (e.g. matrix of tourism development goals)
• REGIONAL / NATIONAL LEVEL
• Development policies based on cultural potentials
  (see cross-thematic maps)
• EU LEVEL
• Standardised inventoring of cultural data and
  integration of cultural data in EU databases

9
Low P, high S Under-exploitation of heritage
High P, high S Potential for valorisation of
heritage
Increase demand (higher gear in cultural
marketing)
POTENTIAL DEMAND FOR HERITAGE RESOURCES
Balance
Create alternative cultural products to satisfy
existing demand
Capacity building increase new cultural assets
and use them in regional promotion strategies
Reduce pressure levels (e.g. extreme protection)
Low P, low S Cultural capacity deficit
High P, low S Heritage at risk (excess demand
pressure)
SUPPLY OF HERITAGE RESOURCES
10
Open issues for ESPON 2013

• Database homogenisation
• Data formats and methods a template for EU data
  accounting?
• Culture monitor as a structural ESPON activity
• Extension in time/space/content
• Obtain time series
• Analyse eastern/southern borders of Europe
• Social embedding of culture
• Causal relations / dynamic modelling
• From spatial analysis to (transversal and
  sectoral) policy directives e.g. tourism