All continents were colonized by 20,000 years ago

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All continents were colonized by 20,000 years
ago
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End of the Pleistocene (10,000 BP)
Large Game hunting declined.
Extinction of some animal species.
Warming climatic conditions.
Changing environments.
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Adaptations to changing environments
Human diets diversified.
Small animals, fishing, and collecting plants.
Intensification of Human Activities.
Population growth.
Regionalization
Sedentism
More exchange of exotic items (copper, shell etc.)
Beginnings of social differences.
Guitarrero Cave, Peru (10,000 years old)
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The Broadspectrum Revolution
New solutions to changing environments
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Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone Age)
Europe, North Africa, Parts of Asia
10,000 to 5,500 years ago
End of Pleistocene to agriculture.
Vedbaek, Denmark (7,000 years old)
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Origins of Agriculture
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99 of human history humans were hunter-gatherers
(extending back at least 4.5 million years).
"Agricultural Revolution" occurred at the End of
Pleistocene--10,000 years ago.
Domestication of plants and animals in various
parts of the world (10,000-5,000 years ago).
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Primary Centers of Domestication
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Significance of Agriculture
New relationships with the environment.
Foragers-extensive use of land (generally).
Agriculturalists-intensive use of smaller amounts
of land.
Long-term changes in the structure and
organization of societies that adopt this new way
of life.
Foundation of state-level societies that
developed around the world.
Human society was never the same again after
agricultural origins.
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Domestication vs. Agriculture
Domestication
Changes in the physical characteristics of a
plant or animal species caused by human
manipulation.
Agriculture
Obtaining food from intense use of previously
domesticated plants and animals.
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Archaeological Indications of Agriculture
Agricultural Terraces.
Irrigation Canals
Specialized Tools (sickles, groundstone)
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"Domesticated Landscapes"