Engagement Resolution via GeoPairing: An Identification and Analysis of Potential Error Sources

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Engagement Resolution via Geo-Pairing An
Identification and Analysis of Potential Error
Sources

• Lou Ford
• Icon Systems, Inc.
• Bradley C. Schricker
• ATT Government Solutions, Inc.

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Presentation Outline

• Introduction of the Problem
• One Tactical Engagement Simulation System
  (OneTESS)
• Geo-Pairing
• Error Sources
• Conclusion
• Questions

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Introduction

• More sophisticated training
• Handling entity engagements
• Particularly Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) and
  Beyond-Line-of-Sight (BLOS)
• One solution is Geometric Pairing (Geo-Pairing)

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OneTESS

• Armys vision for next generation TES
• History of combat training extends back millennia
• MILES came about in 1970s
• OneTESS expected to augment and eventually
  replace MILES systems

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OneTESS, cont

• Issues with MILES
• Lasers cannot represent indirect fire, or
  NLOS/BLOS engagements without additional support
  (such as what is provided by Simulated Area
  Weapon Effects Radio Frequency (SAWE-RF)
• Opaque and translucent obscurants that do not
  stop bullets, such as foliage and fog, can block
  laser beams
• The systems are nearing the end of their useful
  economic life, particularly with regards to
  logistics support issues, such as part
  replacement

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OneTESS, cont

• OneTESS will support
• Force-on-Force (FOF) and Force-on-Target (FOT)
  training exercises
• Brigade level and below
• All Battlefield Operating Systems at Homestation,
  maneuver Combat Training Centers, and deployed
  sites

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Geo-Pairing

• MILES pairs the shooter with the target by using
  a laser beam
• Geo-Pairing pairs the shooter with the target
  with calculations based upon information about
  the shooter and the target

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Geo-Pairing, cont

• Geo-pairing algorithm must know
• Location of shooter
• Location of target
• Time of trigger-pull
• Characteristics of weapon and ammunition
• Orientation vector of weapon

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Geo-Pairing, cont

• Geo-Pairing Issues
• Timekeeping
• Engagement geometry
• Accuracy of shooter and target positions
• Accuracy of terrain
• Accuracy of Earth model
• Acceptable accuracy of engagement resolution

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Error Sources

• Digitized Terrain Errors
• Position Sensing Errors
• Orientation Errors
• Initial Velocity Errors
• Earth Model Errors
• Algorithmic Errors

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Error Sources, Terrain

• Digitized Terrain Errors
• Geo-pairing requires digitized terrain
• Terrain models figure into the calculation of
  impact point of projectiles
• This data affects the calculated range of a shot
• Erroneous hits or misses can occur

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Error Sources, Position

• Position Sensing Errors
• Position of entities will be determined by GPS
• Tested systems have 2m accuracy in a flat plane
• This also could result in false hits or misses

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Error Sources, False Hit

• False Hit

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Error Sources, False Miss

• False Miss

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Error Sources, Orientation

• Orientation Errors
• OneTESS will use magnetometers, inertial
  measurements units (IMUs), inclinometers, and
  potentially GPS interferometry to measure weapon
  orientation
• Each of these instruments carries with it a small
  margin of error
• These errors can result in improper ranges and
  firing vectors

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Error Sources, Orientation

• Example of azimuth

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Error Sources, Orientation

• Example of elevation

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Error Sources, Init. Velocity

• Initial Velocity Error
• Affects range of weapon projectile
• Too great of an initial velocity will result in
  too great a range
• Too small of an initial velocity results in the
  opposite

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Error Sources, Init. Velocity

• Initial Velocity Error

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Error Sources, Earth Model

• Earth Model Errors
• Flat earth vs. geodetic earth
• Primarily important for BLOS engagements
• Earth representation can affect the range of a
  weapon

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Error Sources, Earth Model

• Earth modeling example

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Error Sources, Algorithms

• Algorithmic Errors
• Neglecting of gravity and drag in calculations
• Currently, two sources of ballistic algorithms
• Time of flight and range differ significantly
  depending on algorithm used

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Error Sources, Algorithms
Time of flight, 76 m/s exit V, Cd 0.06
Range, 76 m/s exit V, Cd 0.06
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Conclusion

• Six potential error sources examined today
• Not exhaustive, but most prominent
• Technologies that reduce component errors
• Greater DTED level
• Use as much computing power that is practically
  available
• Augment with known data from weapon systems

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