Lecture Part III: Soteriology

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Lecture Part III Soteriology

• Jintae Kim, PhD
• Alliance Theological Seminary
• Nyack, NY 10960
• [phone]
• E-mail Jintae.kim_at_nyack.edu
• Website http//all4jesus.net

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1. Conceptions of Salvation

• A. Basics
• Problems
• Medium
• Extent
• B. Current Conceptions of Salvation
• Liberation Theology
• Existential Theology
• Secular Theology
• Contemporary Roman Catholic Theology
• Evangelical Theology

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A. Basics
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What is the primary human problem? (Erickson, 280)
Direction Problem Answer
Vertical (Evangeli-cal) Separation from God (corrupt human nature) Restore the broken relationship between God and man ? Real hope for changing society
Horizontal Evil Social Environment Social gospel Liberation Theology Relational Theology
Internal Guilt, inferiority, insecurity Growth in self-esteem, self-acceptance, self-understanding.
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The Medium of Salvation
Movement Medium
Roman-Catholicism Lutheran Opere operato Grace to be obtained by means of a physical object (sacraments)
Social Gospel movement Liberation Theology Moral Action
Evangelicalism Faith appropriates the work accomplished by Christ
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The Extent of Salvation
Positions Extent
Particularist They see salvation as based upon individual responses to the grace of God.
Universalist God will restore all humans to the relationship with Him for which they were originally intended.
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B. Current Conceptions of Salvation
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Liberation Theology (Erickson, 281-2)
Present Phenomena Black, Feminist, Third world theologies (cf. ????)
Problem of Society Oppression and exploitation of the powerless classes by the powerful. Capitalism and bad political system.
Scriptural View The Bible identifies with the oppressed. The redemptive history is the history of the oppressed people.
Kingdom In this present age
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Heideggers Existential Philosophy (Erickson, 282)

• 1. Our aim should be authentic existence, that
  is, being what we are meant to be, living in such
  a way as to fulfill the potential which is ours
  as humans.
• 2. Inauthenticity (1) Failure to exercise ones
  ability to make choices and act freely (2)
  Unwillingness to accept the fact that one has
  acted freely and is therefore responsible.
• 3. Authenticity involves accepting responsibility
  for ones acts.

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2 Tendencies of Modern Human according to Bultmann

• (1) Guided by a self-orientation (happiness
  security usefulness, profit)
• (2) Guided by a wrong hope that the real security
  can be obtained by their own efforts.

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Bultmanns View of Scripture (Erickson, 282)

• 1. He applies the distinction between the
  subjective knowledge and the objective knowledge
  (Empirical science) of Heidegger.
• 2. Scripture Not the objective, but the
  subjective knowledge. It is written for
  transformation of readers by calling them away
  from their selfishness and from the illusory
  security which they has built up for themselves.

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Bultmanns View of Salvation (Erickson, 283)

• Salvation is not, then, an alteration in the
  substance of the soul (regeneration), nor is it a
  forensic declaration that we are righteous in the
  sight of God (justification). Rather it is a
  fundamental alteration of our existence, our
  whole outlook and conduct of life.

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Secular Theology (Erickson, 283-4)

• 1. ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ????.
• 2. Dietrich Bonhoeffer, Religionless
  Christianity ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????
  ????? ???? ???? ??????.
• 3. John A.T. Robinson and Death of God
  theologians ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????
  ?? ????? ??? ???? ???. ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???
  ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ???????.

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3 Levels of Christians according to Contemporary
RC (Erickson, 284)
Members ??? ??? ??? ???
Non-Catholic Christians (??? ??? ???????) ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ???.
Non-Christians connected to RC Karl Rahners anonymous Christians. ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???.
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2 Aspects of Justification in RC
Protestant Notion Focus
Objective Justification On Gods active and mans passive aspects
Subjective Sanctification On mans active aspect
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????? ?? (Erickson, 285-6)
?? ?? (1) ????? ??? ?? (2) ?? ?? ????? ??
?? ????? ???? (?????)
??? ????? ??? ?? ?????
?? ??? ?? (?? ????? ??) ????? ?? ??? ??.
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2. Antecedent to Salvation Predestination
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Antecedents to Salvation 4 Terms
Terms Definition
Foreordina-tion (???) ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?
Predestina-tion (??) ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?
Election (??) ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? (Positive side of Predestination)
Reprobation (??) ???? ?? ?? ?? (Negative side of Predestination)
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Historical Development of Predestination

• 1. Debate Augustine vs. Pelagius
• 2. Semi-Pelagianism AD 431 Ephesus.
• 3. Anselm Aquinas Augustinian. 11th 13th
  c.
• 4. Duns Scotus 14th c. Predestination by
  foreknowledge (????) Pelagian.
• 5. Debate Luther (Augustinian) vs. Erasmus (Free
  will). John Calvin.
• 6. J. Arminius 16th-17th c. Semi-Pelagianism.
  ????.
• 7. John Wesley 18th c. Prevenient grace ???
  ??. ???? ??? ?????.

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2 Views of Predestination

• 1. Calvinism (TULIP) ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???
  ?.
• Total Depravity ??? ?? ??
• Unconditional Election ???? ????
• Limited Atonement ??? ??
• Irresistible Grace ?????? ??
• Perseverance of Saints ??? ??? ??
• 2. Arminianism ???? ??? ??? ????? ???. ??????
  ?????? ??? ??? ??.

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Calvinism vs Arminianism (5 Points)
Calvinism Arminianism
Lostness of man Total Inability (or depravity) Free will or Human ability
Election Unconditional Conditional
Atonement Limited General
Grace Irresistible Resistible
Falling Perseverance of Saints Falling from Grace possible
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5 Characteristics of Election according to
Calvinism

• 1. An expression of the sovereign will of God and
  good pleasure of God. ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??.
• 2. Efficacious. ???? ??.
• 3. From all eternity. ????? ?? ????.
• 4. Unconditional. ????.
• 5. Immutable. ???.

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3 Calvinistic Views on Predestination
Views Order of Predestination
Supralapsarianism (???) ??/?? ?????????????????????
Infralapsarianism (???) ????? ??????? ??/?? ?????????
Sublapsarianism (?????) ??????? ????????????????????
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Objections to Calvinism (Mostly practical)

• 1. It is fatalistic. ????. ???? ????? ??? ??? ??
  ??? ????
• 2. It negates any missionary or evangelistic
  impulse. ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ????
• 3. It is contradiction to human freedom. ???
  ????? ??? ?? ???. ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????

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Arminianism Its Starting Points

• 1. ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? (2Pet 39 Ezek 3311
  1Tim 24 Isa 551).
• 2. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. John Wesley prevenient
  grace (??? ??) ???? ???? ???? ???? ??. Where in
  the Bible?
• 3. ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? (Rom 829 1Pet 11-2). ??
  (foreknowledge).
• 4. ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????.

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Objections to Arminianism (Erickson, 290-1)

• 1. ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????
  ??.
• 2. ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????
• 3. ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ? ???
• 4. ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????

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Implications of Predestination

• 1. We can have confidence that what God has
  decided will come to pass.
• 2. We need not criticize ourselves when some
  people reject Christ.
• 3. Predestination does not nullify incentive for
  evangelism and missions.
• 4. Grace is absolutely necessary.

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???? 6?? ???? (Erickson, 293-4)

• 1. ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
• 2. ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??.
• 3. ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???
• 4. ??? ????? ????.
• 5. ???? ??? ??? ?????.
• 6. ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.

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3. Beginning of Salvation Subjective Aspects
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Ordo Salutis (Order of Salvation)

• 1. Antecedents
• Election ?? ?Effectual Calling ??? ???
• 2. Beginning
• (1) Objective Union with Christ
  Justification ?? Adoption ???
• (2) Subjective Conversion ??
• Regeneration ??
• 3. Continuation Sanctification ??
• 4. Perseverance ??
• 5. Glorification??

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Effectual Calling Definition

• 1. It is Gods special work with the elect,
  enabling them to respond in repentance and faith,
  and rendering it certain that they will
  (Erickson, 295).
• 2. It involves the general calling of God in the
  Gospel made effective in an individual as he or
  she believes the Gospel and accepts Christ as
  Savior and Lord. It is given only to all of the
  elect, and since it is effectual and irrevocable,
  it necessarily results in salvation and is
  logically prior to conversion and necessarily
  leads to it (House, 102).

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Universal vs. Effectual or Special Calling
(Erickson, 295)

• ???? ?? ??? ????. ? ???? ???? ?????? ?? (Matt
  2214).

• ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???
  ????? (Rom 17 1Cor 124 Heb 31 2Pet 110).
  ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

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Order of Subjective Aspects
Arminian Calvinistic
Order Conversion ? Regeneration Regeneration ? Conversion
Rationale ?? (??) ? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? (cf. Acts 238 1631). ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.
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Conversion and Regeneration (Erickson, 301)

• Conversion refers to our response in repentance
  (negative) and faith (positive) to Gods offer of
  salvation and approach to humankind.

• Regeneration is Gods transformation of
  individual believers, his giving a new spiritual
  vitality and direction to their lives when they
  accepts Christ.

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Biased Views on Faith (Erickson, 299)
Theology View on Faith
Protestant Scholarticism ??? ?? ??? ???? ?.
Neo-orthodox (?????) ????? ???? ????? ?. ???? ??.
Anti-intellectualism (?????) ??? ???? ??? ?. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???.
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Meaning of Regeneration (Erickson, 300-1)

• 1. Something new. ??? ????, ? ? ??? ???? ????
  ???? ???? ?? ???.
• 2. Counteracting the effects of sin (Gal
  524-25). ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???.
• 3. Instantaneous (John 112-13 2Cor 517). ????
  ???.
• 4. Supernatural (John 36). ????? ????.

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Implications of Effectual Calling, Conversion,
and Regeneration (Erickson, 302).

• 1. ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.
• 2. ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??.
• 3. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???
  ?????.
• 4. ??? ??? ? ??? ???? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??.
• 5. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??.
• 6. ????? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ???.

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4. The Beginning of Salvation Objective Aspects

• (1) Union with Christ ?????? ?? (2Cor 517 Eph
  13-6 Col 127 220 Gal 220 Rom 63-5)
• (2) Justification ??
• (3) Adoption ???

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Inadequate Models for Union with Christ
(Erickson, 304-5)
Model Arguments
Metaphysical ????? ??. ??? ????? ???? ????.
Mystical ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????.
Psychological ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??.
Sacramental ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????.
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Characteristics of the Union (Erickson, 305-6)
Nature of Union Explanation
Judicial in nature ?? ????? ??? ?? ?, ????? ? ???? ???.
Spiritual (1Cor 1214 Rom 89) (1) ??? ?? (2) ??? ?? (????? ?? ??? ???)
Vital ??? ?? ???? ???? ??.
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Implication of Union with Christ (Erickson, 306)

• 1. ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? (Rom 81).
• 2. ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?? (2Cor 129).
• 3. ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? (Col 124 Phil
  310).
• 4. ??? ????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ?? (Luke
  2230 2Tim 211-12).

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Justification

• 1. Definition
• It is Gods action pronouncing sinners
  righteous in his sight it is a forensic act
  imputing the righteousness of Christ to the
  believer on the basis of the sufficiency of
  Christs atoning death (Erickson, 306).
• 2. While it is faith that leads to justification,
  justification must and will inevitably produce
  good woks (Erickson, 309).

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5. Continuation and Completion of Salvation

• Sanctification
• Perseverance
• Glorification

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Justification vs. Sanctification
Justification Sanctification
Duration Instantaneous Process
Quantita-tive Either justified or not More or less sanctified
Qualita-tive Forensic or declarative Actual transformation
Character Objective work affecting our standing before God Subjective work affecting our inner person
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??? ??? ????
?? ??
??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??
??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??--gt??
?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??
??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????
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Characteristics of Sanctification (Erickson,
314-5)

• 1. Supernatural (1Thes 523). ????? ???? ??. ???
  ???.
• 2. Progressive (Phil 16). ???? ??.
• 3. Conforming to Christ himself (Rom 829). ????
  ??? ??????.
• 4. The work of the Holy Spirit (Gal 516, 22-25).
  ??? ??
• 5. Role for the believer (Phil 212). ??? ??? ???
  ????.

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Common Grounds on Perseverance (Erickson, 317)

• 1. ???? ????? ???? ? ??? ????.
• 2. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????.
• 3. ???? ??? ??? ???? ???.
• 4. ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ? ??.

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Perseverance? (Erickson, 317-9) Arminian vs.
Calvinist

• Calvinist
• ????? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????
  ?? ??? ??? ????? ??, ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ??? ???
  ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? (Rom 831-39 1Pet 13-5
  Phil 16).

• Arminian
• ??? ?? ??? ? ??. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??
  ????? ???? ?? (Matt 243-14 Col 121-23 Heb
  64-6,11-12 1026-27). ????? ??? ???? ??? ???
  ??? ?? ??? ????.

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Interpretation of Heb 64-6 (Erickson, 320)
Argument
Literal Arminian ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???.
Doctrinal Calvin ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???.
Pastoral ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???.
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Glorification (??)

• 1. ??? ??? ??
• 2. ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? - ?? ???? ?? (?
  7324 ? 818 ?? 54)
• ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???
  ????? ?? ???? ?????(? 830)

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??? ??? 6 ?? ?? (Erickson, 323-5)

• 1. ??? ?? (? 59-10 833-34, 38-39)
• 2. ??? ?? (? 122 ? 14 ? 19-11 ? 24 ?
  207-10)
• 3. ??? ??? ?? (?? 1312 ?? 32)
• 4. ??? ???? ?? ? (? 320-21 ?? 51-5 ??
  1538-52)
• 5. ? ??? ? ? (? 821 ? 211-2)
• 6. ???? ??? ?? ??.

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Present Body vs Resurrection Body (Erickson, 324
1Cor 1538-52)
??? ? ??? ?
Perishable (??? ?) ??? ?? Incorruptible (?? ?? ?) ??? ???? ??
Sown in dishonor (?? ?) Glorious (????? ?)
Weak (?? ?) Powerful (?? ?)
Physical (??? ?) Spiritual (??? ?)