Installing and Upgrading Windows

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Installing and Upgrading Windows
Chapter 11
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Overview

• In this chapter, you will learn to
• Identify and explain the basic functions and
  features of an operating system
• Install and upgrade Windows 2000 and Windows XP
• Troubleshoot installation problems

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Historical/Conceptual
Traits and Functions of the Operating System
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Operating System Traits

• An OS works only with a particular type of
  processor
• Must understand memory, modes
• Must understand codebook/instruction set
• An OS begins running as soon as the PC finishes
  its POST
• Application programs cannot run on a PC without
  an OS
• Applications are OS-specific (APIs)
• Flexibleallows use of new software and hardware

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Functions of an Operating System

• Communicate with hardware
• Provide a user interface
• Provide a structure for access to applications
• Enable users to manipulate programs and data

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Communicating with Hardware

• BIOS includes code that tells the computer how to
  talk to basic hardware
• The OS works with BIOS to talk to these devices
• When BIOS does not know how to talk to a piece of
  hardware, the OS talks directly to the device
• Most OSs use device drivers provided by the
  manufacturer (Bring Your Own BIOS) to interpret
  the language necessary to talk to a new device
• When theres a problem, the OS should provide
  error handling or at least error notification to
  user

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Creating a User Interface

• A user interface needs to
• Show what applications are available
• Provide an easy way to access applications
• Provide a way to label and save the data
• Flexible and adaptable to new needs

Pick a shoe Pick an application
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Accessing and Supporting Programs

• Enable users to start applications
• Get out of the way so the user can work
• Provide access to hardware for the application
• Return to user interface when application closes

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Organizing Programs and Data

• The OS needs to be able to organize and
  manipulate programs and data
• Provides name (or label) for each program and
  each piece of data
• Provides naming system for drives
• Enables users to store data and programs in
  organized fashion
• Enables users to manipulate data and programs

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Operating System Interfaces

• Command-line interface
• Character-based or text-based
• Covered in Chapter 14
• Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Uses icons and pictures
• User interacts with OS by pointing and clicking
  with mouse

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Todays Operating Systems

• Overview
• Microsoft Windows
• Apple Macintosh
• UNIX
• Linux

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Microsoft Windows

• Corporate Users

• Home Users

• Windows NT 3.1
• Windows NT 4.0
• Windows 2000
• Windows XP Pro

• Windows 9x
• Windows 95
• Windows 98
• Windows Me
• XP Home
• XP Media Center

• Recently releasedWindows Vista
• Versions for corporate and home users

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General Windows Features

• File systems
• Corporate used NTFS
• Home used FAT and FAT32
• Today both supported, but NTFS used for security
• Plug and Play
• Appeared with Windows 95
• Migrated to corporate side with Windows 2000

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Windows NT 4.0, 2000 Pro, XP
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Windows XP

• Ended the Windows 9x product line
• Windows XP Home
• Basic features for home users
• Windows XP Professional
• Advanced features include security for corporate
  users
• Windows XP Media Center
• Advanced features for home users include ability
  to watch TV and movies

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Windows Server Products

• Windows NT 4.0 Server
• Windows 2000 Server
• Windows Server 2003

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Apple Macintosh

• Used GUI long before Windows
• Proprietary computers
• Current OS is OS X
• Macs now run on Intel CPUs
• Uses BSDvariant of UNIX

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UNIX

• Oldest, most powerful OS
• Many current OSs have concepts developed from
  UNIX
• Open sourceallows variants of OS

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Linux

• UNIX-like OS written by Linus Torvalds
• Runs on Intel/AMD processors
• Free OS
• Source code also freely available
• Uses the GNU general public license (GPL)
• Linux and applications bundled as Linux
  distributions (distros)

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Linux

• Distributions
• Fedora Core
• Debian
• Slackware
• Ubuntu
• SuSE

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Installing and Upgrading Windows
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Preparing for Installation or Upgrade

• Identify hardware requirements
• Verify hardware and software compatibility
• Decide Clean install or upgrade?
• Back up data
• Select an install method
• Identify partition and file systems to use
• Determine computers network role
• Decide on language and locale settings
• Plan for post-installation tasks

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Identify Hardware Requirements

• Core Resources
• CPU
• RAM
• Free hard disk space
• Miscellaneous
• Video adapter
• Display
• Storage devices

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Verify Compatibility

• Hardware and software
• Use Windows Marketplace (formally known as
  Hardware Compatibility List)

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Clean Install or Upgrade

• Clean install
• Usually done on empty hard disk
• All applications must be installed
• Upgrade
• New OS installs on top of the old one
• Many previous settings and capabilities retained
• Applications dont need to be reinstalled
• Multiboot
• Doing a clean install side by side with another
  OS
• Enables you to boot to more than one OS

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Other Installation Methods

• When deploying many computers, automated methods
  used
• Imagecomplete copy of OS and applications
• Norton Ghost
• PowerQuests Drive Image
• Acroniss True Image
• Remote Installation Services (RIS)

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Back Up Data

• If data saved to central server, this step can be
  skipped
• If data exists on local drive, it needs to be
  backed up
• Back up to network server, DVD, USB, hard drive,
  etc.
• Will need to restore data from this location
  after upgrade or reinstall

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Select an Installation Method

• Two basic choices
• CD-ROM (CompTIA A focus)
• Boot from CD and startinstallation
• Over the network

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Determine Partition File System

• Partition
• Create when drive first created (or use
  third-party tools to repartition)
• If multiboot, use one partition for each OS
• File system
• Use NTFS whenever possiblesecurity features are
  valuable
• If older OSs need FAT or FAT32, use FAT or FAT32
  for their partition

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Miscellaneous

• Network role
• Standalone, workgroup, or domain
• Environment determines choice
• Language and locale settings
• Languages and displays can be configured for
  different countries
• Plan for post-installation tasks
• Internet access?
• Discs from manufacturers?
• Access to backed up data?

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Install or Upgrade

• Text mode
• End user license agreement (EULA)
• Partition hard disk
• Files copied to hard disk
• Graphical mode
• Enter product key
• Remaining installation completes
• Upgrade disks are typically cheaper
• Require OS to be already installed or separate
  disk used to verify upgrade disk can be used

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Post-Installation Tasks

• Identify installation problems
• Install patches, service packs, and updates
• Upgrade drivers
• Restore user data

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OS-specific Upgrade and Install Issues

• Windows 2000 Professional
• Windows XP Professional

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Install or Upgrade to Windows 2000 Professional

• Hardware Requirements

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Install or Upgrade to Windows XP Professional

• Upgrade paths

Windows 98
Windows Me
Windows XP Pro
Windows NT 4.0SP5 or later
Windows 2000 Pro(including SPs)
Windows XP Home
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Install or Upgrade to Windows XP Professional

• Hardware Requirements

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Hardware and Software Compatibility with XP

• Upgrade Advisor
• First process that runs from setup.exe
• Provides list of devices and software known to
  have issues with XP
• Can be run by itself
• From Microsofts Web site
• Or winnt32 /checkupgradeonly
• See sidebar on p. 314 for detailed instructions
• On the installation CD or can be downloaded for
  free

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Windows XP Installation

• Bootable CD-ROM boots into Setup
• May need to set boot order in BIOS
• Registrationoptional
• Activation
• Mandatory within 30 days
• Anti-piracy mechanism
• System disabled after 30 days if not activated
• Via Internet or phone

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Upgrade Issues for Windows 2000 and Windows XP

• Can upgrade to Windows 2000 Pro from Windows 95
  and 98, but not Windows Me
• Some Windows 9x applications wont run on Windows
  2000 or XP
• Third-party disk compression applications not
  supported on Windows 2000/XP
• Third-party power management applications can
  cause problems with Windows 2000/XP installations

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For upgrades, follow these Pre-Upgrade Steps

• Check compatibility (Windows Marketplace)
• Back up data and configuration files
• Perform spring cleaning
• Perform disk scan and defrag
• Uncompress all files, folders, and partitions
• Perform virus scan and disable or remove
  virus-checking software
• Disable CMOS virus checking
• Be prepared to do clean install

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Windows 2000/XP Clean Install

• Steps same for both
• Start by booting to CD-ROM
• Text mode
• Can partition drive in this mode
• Choose file system (usually NTFS)

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2000/XP Clean Install

• Graphical mode
• Enter product key
• Good idea to write this on the CD

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2000/XP Clean Install

• Configure computer name and administrator
  password
• Network settings

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Automating the Install

• Scripted installation
• Setup Manager can be downloaded
• Creates answer files for multiple versions of
  Windows
• Fully automated or partially automated
• Can add list of names or let Setup Manager
  generate

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Automating the Install

• Disk cloning
• Exact copy of drive with fully installed and
  configured OS
• Works great with standardized systems
• Disk cloning problem
• Every Windows 2000/XP machine must have a unique
  security identifier (SID)
• SID is not unique if cloned
• Solutions
• - GhostWalker or NewSID can be used to create new
  SID
• Sysprep sanitizes many unique settings on a
  computer such as SID

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Text Mode Errors

• No boot device
• Either startup disc is bad, or CMOS not set to
  boot off optical drive first
• Windows Setup requires X amount of available
  drive space
• Check formatting and/or space of C drive
• Not ready error on optical drive
• Check the CD-ROM drive and disc
• BSoD
• Probably due to hardware incompatibility
• Check KB 165863, Troubleshooting Stop 0x0A
  Messages in Windows 2000 and Windows NT

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Graphical Mode Errors

• Hardware detection errors
• Could be hardware incompatibility
• If non-critical hardware, find and install
  correct drivers
• Cant read CAB files
• Check the CD-ROM for scratches
• Try copying i386 files onto hard drive
• Replace the CD-ROM

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Lockups During Install

• Smart recovery, repair install
• Unplug system and restart
• Will automatically start where it left off
• Optical drive, hard drive
• Try another disc or another CD-ROM drive
• Log filestrack progress of install
• Setuplog.txt
• Setupapi.log

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