Thermodynamic modeling of the formation of aerosol particles containing organics, water, and inorgan

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• Homework, HW1 due today
• Announcements
• Questions?

Tuesday, January 22 Spring 2008
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The Scientific Method
Scenario Your phone hasnt rung in several
days, but your friend says s/he tried calling
you. Task Come up with a few different
hypotheses that would explain why your phone
hasnt rung and how you would test them.
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Chapter 2 The Ordered Universe
Newtons laws of motion and gravity predict the
behavior of objects on Earth and in space.
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Our (place in the) Galaxy
near infrared map of the Milky Way Galaxy
Estimated Diameter of Observable Universe
78 billion light-years 1 light-year 5.9
trillion miles
NGC 7331 (Milky Ways galaxy twin)
Rotational speed of solar system 497,000
MPH Speed of the Milky Way
89,000 MPH Speed of Local Group
1,367,000 MPH Our speed relative to the
universe 65,000 MPH
http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubble_sequence
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Our (place in the) Solar System
orbits of the inner planets
orbits of the planets
Earth orbital characteristics Avg. Distance
from Sun 93 million miles Length of orbital path
574 million miles Orbital eccentricity
0.017 Avg. orbital speed 66,622
MPH Rotational speed (equator) 1040 MPH Axial
tilt 23.4
relative sizes of the planets
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• Observing patterns in nature application of
  knowledge

Stonehenge, 2800 B.C.
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Plato, Aristotle, Ptolemy The Heavenly Spheres
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The Celestial Sphere
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Ptolemy and the explanation of retrograde motion
Claudius Ptolemaeus (90 168 AD)
Retrograde motion the apparent backward motion
of a planet relative to the fixed stars.
retrograde motion (animation)
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Ptolemy and the explanation of retrograde motion
retrograde motion predicted by epicycles
(animation)
Ptolemy introduces planetary epicycles the
epicycle is a sphere embedded in the planets
celestial sphere. Together, these spheres move
the planet.
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Copernicus and the heliocentric system

• All planets orbit the sun in perfect circles.
• Earth rotates on an axis through its center.
• Easier to explain retrograde motion.
• Epicycles still utilized.
• Does not provide completely accurate predictions

Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 1543)
Copernican heliocentric theory
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The heliocentric system and retrograde motion
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Tycho Brahes view on planetary motion
The last great naked-eye astronomer
(telescopes did not exist while he was alive)
Constructed a large quadrant to make highly
accurate measurements of the positions of the
planets and stars
Tycho Brahe (1546 1601)
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Chapter 1 quiz in class on Thursday 01/24 Read
pp. 30-40 of Chapter 2 in the textbook for
Thursday 01/24