Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Founder member of Die Br

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Ernst Ludwig KirchnerFounder member of Die
Brücke
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Cubism (pre-1914)

• Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
• rejection of traditional perspective, emphasis on
  flat, two-dimensional surface of picture plane
• dismantling and analysing of form
• geometric shapes
• later, three-dimensional collage

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Dada (1916-1922)

• Why Dada?
• term chosen at random from German-French
  dictionary by Romanian Tristan Tzara
• Dada is French for hobby-horse, but also said
  to be childs first utterance
• marks a new beginning
• Origins Principles
• foundedFebruary 1916 in a Zürich bar, Cabaret
  Voltaire, by Tzara, Hugo Ball and Hans (Jean)
  Arp
• artistic and literary nihilistic reaction to
  militarism and carnage of World War I
• aimed to shock often absurd and
  incomprehensible. Attacked bourgeois dishonesty
  and hypocrisy
• young poets, artists and musicians read,
  exhibited and played their work
• Development
• cabaret Voltaire initiiative folded after only
  6 months, but ideas of Dada spread to France,
  German and USA
• challenged established art forms and the rule of
  logic by synthesis of the primitive, the absurd,
  the banal and modern technology
• nonsense poetry, collage, photomontage

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Neue Sachlichkeit (1920s)

• New Objectivity, social realism
• moved away from subjectivity (and at times
  incomprehensibility) of Expressionism
• sought to depict the excesses of Weimar culture
  with blood-curdling detachment
• Leading figures
• Georg Grosz
• Otto Dix
• Max Beckmann

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Georg Grosz (1893-1959)

• formal training at Royal Academy, Dresden
• became Dadaist then leading member of Neue
  Sachlichkeit movement after World War I
• fiercely satirical drawings (Ecce Homo, 1922)
  attacking post-War conditions
• early opponent of Hitler
• went to USA 1932, became US citizen
• featured in Nazi Entartete Kunst exhibition of
  1937

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Georg GroszDeutschland, ein Wintermärchen,
Jesus, Berlin, Selbstmord
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Otto Dix (1891-1969)

• appalled by brutality of World War I trench
  warfare (Krieg, 50 etchings, 1924)
• disgusted by excesses and social injustice of
  postwar Germany
• leading member of Neue Sachlichkeit movement
• featured in Nazi Entartete Kunst exhibition of
  1937

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Otto Dix, Krieg (1926)