Beyond Monet

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Beyond Monet

• The artful science of instructional integration

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Focus of this session
Effective Group Work Beyond Cooperative Learning
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Remember
Cooperative learning involves group work But
not all group work involves Cooperative learning.
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Some of the main characters David and
Roger Johnson (Researcher) five basic
elements Robert Slavin (Researcher) complex
structures - TAI, STAD Elizabeth Cohen
(Researcher) complex instruction Shlomo
Sharan (Researcher) group investigation
Jeanne Gibbs TRIBES Spencer Kagan less
complex structures
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Johnsons Five Basic Elements
individual accountability promoting face to
face interaction teaching collaborative
skills processing academic and collaborative
objectives applying one or more of the 9 types
of positive interdependence
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Johnsons 9 types of Positive Interdependence
Goal (must be clear) Resource Incentive
Role Sequence Identity Outside Force
Environmental Simulation
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Johnsons Creative Controversy or Academic
Controversy
One of the most complex small-group structures
Steps 1. Select an issue for the
controversy 2. Students are placed in groups of
4 or 6 (5 is fine) 3. Students letter off A1,
A2, (A3) / B1, B2 (B3) 4. Plan arguments 5.
Present arguments 6. Plan rebuttal 7. Present
rebuttal 8. Flip sides and repeat steps 4 to
7 9. Round Robin re group consensus 10. Groups
share, class discussion
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A consideration
Cooperative learning is not an instructional
strategy rather, it is a way of thinking that
supports students working in peer-mediated
groups. It represents one of three approaches to
classroom work. The other two are having
students working individually or competitively.
These three possibilities (cooperative,
individual and competitive) represent the science
of teaching. The art of teaching is deciding
which of the three (or combinations of the three)
are the most powerful in increasing the life
chances and learning chances of students.
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Possibilities
Is it possible for what we know about brain
research, multiple intelligences, the Johnsons 5
basic elements, how to frame questions, safety,
accountability, fish bone diagram, place mat,
one stay rest stay, checking for understanding,
round robin, numbered heads, inductive thinking,
Blooms taxonomy etc., to be integrated in say a
45 minute opportunity to learn?
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How complex is simplicity?
Take Think Pair Share for example -- two
students taking time to first think, then share
with each other, then to share with the class --
what are all the things a teacher should consider
if Think Pair Share is going to be effective?
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What the university students said
Is there an odd or even number of students? Who
will work with the odd person? Who works with
the student no one wants to work with? Will boys
sit beside girls? If so, will they talk? Can they
actively listen? Can they paraphrase? Can the
teacher frame questions effectively? How much
wait time will the students get? Can the teacher
play with a taxonomy of thinking? Can you
respond to students responses a no response,
incorrect response, partially correct, a guess, a
convoluted response, or a correct response?
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Dimensions of Cooperative Learning
Different Needs - eg Structures Planning - eg
Basic Elements Safety - eg Tribes
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There are about 300 small group structures
How many can you identify in one minute?
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Structures simple to more complex
numbered heads (Kagan) think pair share
(Lyman) three person interview (Kagan) teams
games tournament (de Vries) jigsaw (Aronson)
academic controversy (Johnsons) group
investigation (Thelan)
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How are all the things in this bowl the same?
Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles
Literature Child Development Literature
Motivation Research Students at Risk
Literature Research on students with Autism
Research on gender and literacy
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How are these different from the previous
grouping?
Mind Mapping Concept Attainment Jigsaw
Group Investigation Reading Recovery Concept
Mapping Academic Controversy
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What is their relationship?
Multiple Intelligence Learning Styles
Literature Child Development Literature
Motivation Research Students at Risk
Literature Research on students with Autism
Research on gender and literacy
Mind Mapping Concept Attainment Jigsaw
Group Investigation Reading Recovery Concept
Mapping Academic Controversy
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TRIBES - JEANNE GIBBS
FOUR AGREEMENTS Attentive Listening Mutual
Respect Appreciation Statements Right to
Pass
Tribes Journey From Inclusion to Influence
to Community