G S M

1
UMTS
Amit Mahajan
Digital Cellular Technology
2
UMTS

• The Digital Cellular Technology

3
Global System For Mobile Communication

• More Than 110 Million Subscribers
• More Than 200 Countries
• Combination Of TDMA FDMA
• Current Data Rate 9.6kbps
• By 2000 2 Mbps
• By 2010 200 Mbps

4
What Is GSM ???

• Digital Cellular Radio Network
• Data ,Fax, e-mails, Internet, S.M.S
• Uses R.F.
• 3 Frequency Ranges 900,1800,1900 MHz.
• Wireless
• Roaming Facility (one phone )

5
When Why it Started ??

• 1982 Group Special Mobile
• 1989 ETSI
• Phase 1 1990
• Commercial Launch Mid 1991
• Compatibility
• Limited Market
• Economies Of Scale

6
Evolution Of GSMPhase 1

• Features
• Call forwarding
• Call Barring ( incoming outgoing)
• Global Roaming

7
Phase 2

• Features
• SMS
• Multi party calling
• Call holding, Cell Broadcasting
• Call waiting, Calling party identity
• Advise of charge
• Data services
• Fax services

8
Phase 2

• Features
• Available in 1998
• Packet Switching at 64Kbps
• SIM enhancements
• OMCR upgradation
• OMCS upgradation

9
Terminologies in GSM N/W

10
Architecture
HLR
VLR
BSC
BTS
PSTN
MSC
SIM
BSC
MS
EIR
AUC
BTS
Mobile Station
Network Subsystem
Base Station Subsystem
11
Terminologies

• MS ( Mobile Handset)
• BTS (Base Transreceiver Station)
• BSC (Base Station Controller)
• MSC (Mobile Switching Center)
• EIR (Equipment Identity Register)
• HLR (Home Location Register)
• VLR (Visitor Location Register)

12
Mobile Station

• MS ( Mobile Handset)
• SIM (Subsciber Identity Module)
• IMSI
• (Country codeN/W codeSub. No.)
• TMSI
• IMEI

13
Mobile Station

• MS ( Mobile Handset)
• SIM (Subsciber Identity Module)
• Battery
• Antenna

14
S I M Card
Subscriber Identity Module
15
Mobile Station

• IMEI
• International Mobile Equipment Identity
• Unique Number
• 15 digits ( TAC, FAC)

16
Mobile Call Set UP

• Power on
• BCCH,RACH,SDCCH,PCH,AGCH,TCH
• Authentication
• Channel allocation
• Ciphering mode
• FACCH, SACCH for Handoffs

17
Base Station Subsystem

• BTS
• Cells
• MS communicates with BTS
• Power control
• Sectors
• Different Antenna types orientations
• BCCH, NBCCH, Channel Allocation

18
BTS
Base Transreceive Station
19
Whats Inside BTS???
Base Transreceive Station
20
Microcell City
Future BTS
21
Base Station Subsystem

• BSC
• 10-40 BTS connected to BSC
• Frequency Hopping
• Handovers
• Inter or Intra BTS
• Inter or Intra BSC
• Inter or Intra MSC

22
Network Subsystem

• MSC ( Heart Of GSM )
• HLR
• VLR
• AUC
• EIR
• BSC connected to MSC
• Call routing

23
Email, Fax GSM Phone
24
Coverage Power
25
Coverage Power

• 35 Kms
• Scenarios
• Urban
• Semiurban
• Rural
• 20 Watt, 8 Watt, 2 Watt, 5 Watt
• Interference

26
Coverage In USA

27
180 deg.
60 deg.
300 deg.
Sectored BTS
28
Frequency Planning

• Available channels
• Coverage objectives
• Exclusive Channels
• Frequency Reuse
• 4 Cell reuse
• 7 Cell reuse
• One, Two or Three sector site

29
Different Cells Repeaters

• Micro cells
• Pico cells
• Indoor repeaters
• Outdoor repeaters

30
Types Of Repeaters

• Channel Select
• 2 Watt (33dbm)
• Bandselect
• 200mwatt (23dbm)
• Low power repeater
• 2 mwatt (13dbm)

31
Comparison of 3 Digital Technologies

• GSM TDMA
• 100 million Subscriber
• 900 Mhz, 1.8Ghz, 1.9 Ghz
• Channel B/W 200 Khz
• Good voice quality
• Data rate 9.6 Kbps till 1997/98
• Currently 38.4Kbps,115Kbps by 2000

32
Comparison of 3 Digital Technologies

• CDMA
• 3 Million Subscriber(1997)
• 800 Mhz, 1.9 Ghz
• Channel Bandwidth 1250 Khz
• Very high voice quality
• Data rate 9.6 Kbps - 14.4 Kbps
• Roaming Limited, Strong potential

33
Comparison of 3 Digital Technologies

• D-AMPS
• 4 million Subscriber(1997)
• 800 Mhz , 1.8Ghz
• Channel B/W 300 Khz
• Acceptable voice quality
• Data rate 9.6 Kbps in 1998

34
Comparison of GSM PCS

• GSM
• 1) 900 Mhz, 1800 Mhz
• 2) Europe,Asia,France,Germany,UK
• PCS(Personal Communication Services)
• 1) 1900 Mhz
• 2) USA, Canada

35
Future GSM
36
Third Generation GSM

• UMTS
• W-CDMA Hybrid TD-CDMA
• Phase 1
• 2 Mbps ( 2002/2003)
• Phase 2
• 100 Mbps (2010)
• Frequency range 2 Ghz

37
Dual-band tri-Band phones

• Dual - band
• Both in 900-1800 Mhz n/w of Europe
• Also in 900-1900 Mhz n/w in USA
• Ericsson, Motorola, Siemens
• Tri-band
• All the three bands
• TDMA - CDMA compatible phones

38
Satellite phones

• Irridium

39
Packet Switched

• 3rd generation networks
• Channel occupancy
• Channel utilization
• Frame relay

40
Thank You !!!
Amit Mahajan
Sharmila Pradhan