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ChE 448 Process Control for Mechanical Engineers

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Title: ChE 448 Process Control for Mechanical Engineers


1
ChE 448Process Control for Mechanical Engineers
  • Winter 2009

2
Logistics
  • Instructor Dave Shook
  • Shook_at_ualberta.ca
  • Office CME 268A, office hours TBA
  • 492-3301
  • Teaching assistants Natalia Mrcos and Xing Jin
  • Lectures Tuesday and Thursday 930-1050
  • Seminar Tuesday 800-850 CME 342, Thursday
    800-850 CME 340
  • Computer lab CME 244, experimental labs CME 274
  • Officially T/W/R/F 200-450 PM
  • Actually M/T/W/R/F 200-450 PM and 500-750 PM
  • Three experimental labs, one computer lab
  • Weeks of Jan 12, Feb 2, Mar 2 (computer), Mar 17
  • Teams of 3, all reports to be done as teams
  • First lab is next week, so get in groups this
    week and sign up on door of CME 274
  • Recommended text Seborg, Edgar and Mellichamp,
    2nd Ed.
  • Some assignments will be straight out of the text

3
Evaluation
  • Marks
  • Assignments 20
  • Labs 20
  • Mid-term examination 20
  • During regular class time on Thursday, 12
    February
  • Final Examination 40
  • Total 100
  • Assignments are to be done on Engineering paper
    with answers clearly indicated.
  • Lab reports are to include an executive summary
    and sample calculations in addition to results
    and discussion. More information will be provided
    in the lab manual.

4
Grading
  • Raw marks used throughout the course
  • Grades (F to A) assigned to final distribution
    of total marks for the course
  • Based on absolute achievement and relative
    performance in the class
  • Questions regarding assignments should be
    directed to the TA.

5
Plagiarism, Cheating, Misrepresentation of Facts,
and Participation in an Offence
  • Plagiarism submitting the words, ideas, images
    or data of another person as the Students own
  • Cheating No Student shall
  • During an exam or similar Obtain (or attempt to
    obtain) information from another Student or
    unauthorized source, give (or attempt to give)
    information to another Student, use (or attempt
    to use or possess for the purposes of use) any
    unauthorized material
  • Represent or attempt to represent him or herself
    as another, or have (or attempt to have) himself
    or herself represented by another
  • Represent anothers substantial editorial or
    compositional assistance on an assignment as the
    Students own work
  • Submit, without the written approval of the
    course instructor anything for which credit has
    previously been obtained, or which has been or is
    being submitted in another course or program of
    study
  • Misrepresentation of Facts for the purpose of
    obtaining any advantage
  • Participation in an Offence encouraging,
    advising or knowingly aiding (directly or
    indirectly) another person in the commission of
    an offence
  • Consequences 0 on an assignment up to expulsion
  • Due Process You have the right to appeal
  • See the dontcheatsheet at http//www.uofaweb.ualb
    erta.ca/governance/pdf/200820Aug20Don27t20Chea
    tsheet.pdf

6
Why are we here?
  • Control is one of the topics in engineering. You
    need it for your degree.
  • It teaches you useful skills and techniques for
    analyzing systems that change over time
  • Your designs will end up moving, or containing
    materials that move that motion must be
    controlled.
  • You may want to be a manager some day. You need
    to be able to understand the specialists that
    report to you.
  • Not every facility has a control engineer. You
    may need to apply this sooner than you think.

7
Course Objectives
  • By the end of this term you will be able to
  • Understand a control problem
  • Specify a control objective
  • Design a controller
  • Implement the controller
  • Assess its performance, and improve it if
    necessary
  • You will also be able to
  • Understand when a process is sufficiently
    complicated to require a specialist
  • Work with and manage control engineers
  • But youre going to have to pay attention and
    work in the labs.

8
Labs
  • Will teach you practical issues in controller
    design, while reinforcing theory
  • 1. Introduction to instrumentation, control and
    process models
  • 2. Controller tuning (computer lab)
  • 3. Controller implementation and performance
    measurement
  • 4. Complete control design and implementation on
    a new process
  • Choice cover lab material in class before the
    lab, or go through material in the same order as
    the textbook
  • We will try to cover lab material in class before
    the lab.

9
Expectations You can expect me to
  • Try to explain things clearly, in a logical order
  • Provide relevant examples and assignments
  • Structure and deliver lectures to help you pay
    attention
  • Finish lectures on time
  • Listen to your questions and act on your feedback

10
I expect you to
  • Respect other people save phoning, texting,
    talking, reading paper for breaks. Avoid
    distracting other people by arriving late or
    leaving early.
  • Respect yourself if you dont understand
    something, chances are that you are not the only
    person ask a question.
  • Respect your (or your parents) investment in
    your education attend lectures, seminars and
    labs, and do the assignments.
  • Respect the Engineering profession give the
    class a chance. If you dont see why its
    relevant, talk to me after class.

11
Why Should I Care?
  • Moving systems need to be regulated
  • Electronic Stability Control
  • Static equipment may contain fluids that need to
    be regulated
  • Oil Pressure Regulator
  • Pressure Regulator Failure
  • Mechanical Engineers work in a multidisciplinary
    environment. You need to understand how control
    issues affect the mechanical design
  • BP Texas City
  • The techniques and skills of process control can
    be applied elsewhere economics, business
    management, stock market

12
Process Control
  • The primary objective of process control is to
    maintain a process at the desired operating
    conditions, safely and efficiently, while
    satisfying environmental and product quality
    requirements. The subject of process control is
    concerned with how to achieve these goals. -
    Seborg, Edgar and Mellichamp, 2nd Ed, p. 2.
  • Oil pressure regulator
  • Cruise control
  • Home temperature control (thermostat)

13
Exercise Cruise Control
  • Work in pairs
  • What is the objective of cruise control?
  • How does cruise control meet that objective? What
    does it manipulate directly? How is that done?
  • What else can affect the vehicles speed? Can any
    of them be measured?
  • How is the speed measured?
  • How quickly, and by how much, does the speed
    change in response to a change in controller
    output?
  • How would you measure how well cruise control
    meets its objective?
  • You have five minutes.

14
Cruise Control Discussion
15
Terminology
  • Controlled variable (also called Process
    Variable, Process Value or just PV) the value we
    are trying to control room temperature, car
    speed, etc.
  • Setpoint the desired value of the controlled
    variable 110 km/h, 22 degrees C, etc.
  • Manipulated variable the variable we can change
    directly throttle position, furnace on/off
    switch
  • Disturbance anything (other than the manipulated
    variable) that can affect the controlled variable
  • Instrumentation the interface between the
    physical world and computer/logic/calculations.
    Both measurement and actuation.

16
Examples
17
Control Design Steps
  • Define the control objective
  • Understand how the process responds to control
    action and disturbances
  • Make sure the instrumentation is working
    correctly
  • Design a controller for the process that will
    meet the objective
  • Examine the complete system to ensure it is safe,
    and will not become unsafe if the process changes

18
This design process requires
  • A mathematical language describing how things
    respond to inputs
  • mathematical models, Laplace transforms,
    transfer functions
  • A way to build a model of a system out of
    components, where each component is modeled in
    isolation
  • Block diagrams and linear system theory
  • Knowledge of standard control techniques
  • Lectures
  • An understanding of practical issues
  • Labs
  • A way to describe safety factors for systems when
    the inputs are not known
  • Frequency response analysis
  • Skill, arrived at through practice
  • Assignments, labs

19
How this class will work
  • PowerPoint, lecture notes and in-class exercises
  • Reinforced by assignments
  • Lecture notes will be posted on course website
  • in incomplete form before lecture
  • Complete form after lecture
  • Copies of (incomplete) lecture notes will be
    provided for first two weeks, or if not available
    one week in advance.
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