10GbE

1
10GbE
2
Application

• Enterprise backbone, both within a campus and
  between campuses
• Currently, GbE is getting popular (10/100Mbps
  switches with Gb Uplink, high end PCs with but
  there is distance limitation to 5Km.
• 10GbEs distance limit is 40Km.
• Server farm in the corporate data center.
• High end server with 3Ghz, GbE NIC built in.
• Faster storage

3
Application

• Metro/Access market
• from TDM towards 10/100 Ethernet, and even
  Gigabit Ethernet, for business connectivity. This
  is opening up new demand for Ethernet in the
  metro.
• Using existing dark fiber, service providers can
  extend their Gigabit Ethernet networks into the
  metro edge. As demand grows, the bandwidth
  through a single fiber is restricted to one
  gigabit, unless expensive DWDM equipment is used
  to multiplex multiple gigabit feeds. By using
  10-Gigabit Ethernet, this multigigabit bandwidth
  can be achieved at significantly lower cost.

4
Application

• The WAN Limited Deployment... So Far
• The combination of a very significant installed
  base of Sonet/SDH and the lack of major
  infrastructure investment by carriers since its
  introduction has limited the deployment of 10-Gig
  Ethernet in the WAN.
• One important application for 10-Gigabit Ethernet
  in the WAN is grid computing. Huge server farms
  spread across multiple locations across the wide
  area are interconnected using Gigabit and
  10-Gigabit Ethernet to form massive virtual
  supercomputers.

5
Application

• Storage Fibre Channel or iSCSI
• The storage market is seen as a likely killer
  application for 10-Gigabit Ethernet. The
  ratification of the iSCSI standard last month is
  key to supporting storage services over IP and
  10-Gigabit Ethernet.
• They are running their server farms with Gig
  Ethernet or 10-Gigabit Ethernet connecting out to
  the LAN or the metro area and they are using SAN
  and Fiber Channel on the back end to connect to
  the storage. Ten-Gigabit Ethernet gives them the
  ability to collapse these two networks into one.
  That is when the performance is going to be
  crucial.

6
Market Overview

• At the end of 2001
• The first 10-Gigabit Ethernet equipment was
  announced
• In 2002
• more than 22 vendors took part in
  interoperability demonstrations at
  NetworldInterop
• 10-Gig Ethernet only shipped about 500 ports in
  the first half of 2002. This initial equipment
  deployment was primarily to educational and
  research establishments.

7
Market Overview

• by 2006
• In-Stat/MDR forecasts core LAN switch revenues to
  reach nearly 25 billion,
• Ten-Gigabit Ethernet already has significant cost
  advantages over competing technologies such as
  OC192 (10 Gbit/s) Sonet and a one-year advantage
  over 10-Gigabit Fibre Channel for storage
  networks. The cost of a 10-Gigabit Ethernet port
  today can be as low as 17,000 or 35,000 with
  the chassis included making this relatively
  cost-effective bandwidth.

8
Technology

• The IEEE802.3ae10-Gigabit Ethernet has been
  developed from earlier Ethernet standards.
• Brief History of Ethernet
• Bus topology with shared medium
• Star topology with centralized repeater
• Switched Ethernet with Full duplex.
• Ten-Gigabit Ethernet is the first Ethernet
  technology to become entirely full duplex and
  therefore does not support CSMA/CD.

9
Technology

• PMD
• At first, to accelerate time-to-market for
  Gigabit Ethernet the Gigabit Fibre Channel PMD
  (Physical Media-Dependent) layer was used .
• Now the 10-Gig Fibre Channel standard is expected
  to use a 10-Gigabit Ethernet PMD.
• Coding
• 8B/10B coding this increases the signal
  frequency to 12.5 GHz.
• 64B/66B is used to limit the signal frequencies
  as close to 10 GHz as possible,
• Medium optical, copper

10
Technology

• Distance from 5 Km of GbE to 40 Km of 10GbE 80,
  100 Km of proprietary
• Unlike all other Ethernet standards, 10-Gig
  Ethernet is close to a Sonet/SDH data rate
  (OC192/STM64). To improve compatibility further,
  the IEEE has defined the WAN PHY, which will
  interface directly with 10-Gbit/s Sonet/SDH
  networks. The WAN PHY includes a WAN interface
  sublayer (WIS), which is a cut-down Sonet framer.

11
Gigabit vs 10-Gigabit Ethernet

• CSMA/CD full duplex Full duplex only
• Leveraged Fibre Channel PMDs New PMDs
• Reused 8B/10B coding New coding 64B/66B
• Optical/copper media Optical media only
  (copper in development)
• Support LAN to 5 km LAN to 40 km
• Carrier extension Throttle MAC speed for
  WAN-   Use Sonet/SDH as Layer 1
  transport
• Ten-Gigabit Ethernet is similar to the existing
  one.
• has the same layers MAC, PHY, PMD.
• It supports all the existing Ethernet
  technologies, such as group trunking, and is
  therefore simple to introduce into an existing
  Ethernet-based network.

12
Technology

• Interfaces between the layers
• MAC to the PHY the XGMII or the low pin-count
  alternative XAUI.
• The XAUI interface has 4x 3.125-Gbit/s channels
  with 8B/10B encoding. It can also be used to
  connect the PHY to the PMD.

13
Table 2 IEEE 802.3ae Port Types

• Device Application Range Optics Cable
• 10GBase-LX4 LAN 300m MMF/ 1310n Multi
  or10km SMF WWDM single
• 10GBase-SR LAN 300 m 850nm Multi
• .LR, ER, SW, LW, EW, CX4 (15m), T(25-100m)
• S (300m), L(10Km), E(40Km)

14
Components

• Devices
• Discrete media access controllers (MAC)
• Physical layer devices (PHY)
• Sonet/SDH framer/mapper devices
• Gigabit Ethernet switch devices with integrated
  10-Gig Ethernet MACs
• Transponder (separate file)