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Welcome%20to%20Physics%20of%20the%20Earth

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Hrvoje Tkalcic, Fellow (Seismology) - Week 1-4. Paul Tregoning, Fellow ... Turcotte, D.L. & Schubert, G. (2002) Geodynamics 2nd edn, Cambridge University ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Welcome%20to%20Physics%20of%20the%20Earth


1
  • Welcome to Physics of the Earth
  • PHYS 3070
  • Lectures www.rses.anu.edu.au/hrvoje
  • Hrvoje.Tkalcic_at_anu.edu.au Paul.Tregoning_at_anu.edu
    .au Ian.Jackson_at_anu.edu.au
  • Hrvoje Tkalcic, Fellow (Seismology) - Week 1-4
  • Paul Tregoning, Fellow (Geodesy) - Week 5-8
  • Ian Jackson, Professor (Rock Physics) - Week 9-12
  • (Prof. Jackson is the course coordinator)
  • Research School of Earth Sciences

2
COURSE SCHEDULE AND ORGANISATION Weeks 1-4
  • 3 lectures per week (Tue, Wed Fri)
  • Combined PowerPoint presentations for visual
    concepts transparencies and blackboard for
    mathematical concepts
  • Seismology 1 tutorial per week (Wed)
  • Seismology 1 homework assignment per week
  • Seismology 2 computer labs
  • you can expect a similar load for geodesy
    and mineral physics/geodynamics later in the
    semester
  • guest speaker (Dr. Ted Lilley on geomagnetism and
    Dr. Malcolm Sambridge on geophysical inverse
    theory)
  • 1/3 questions on final exam
  • Office hours Mon 2-3pm

3
- About You and Physics of the Earth -
  • Why on Earth are YOU here?
  • This course is something you always wanted to
    take
  • You need another course to graduate and think
    Earth physics is easier than the main stream
    physics
  • A computer glitch at ANU registration office
  • Just curious
  • What can YOU learn?
  • What we know and what we do not know about the
    Earth
  • How to put your physics and maths to work
  • Expand your horizons - Earth Physics is
    multidisciplinary and cool
  • Think about pursuing your PhD or MS in Earth
    Physics atANU Research School of Earth Sciences
  • What tools can YOU use?
  • Read the textbooks
  • Solve the homework problems
  • Participate in the class - ask questions - come
    see me during office hours - be proactive

4
- About Me -
  • Name
  • Hrvoje Tkalcic - a difficult to pronounce
    Croatian name, but could probably be worse )
  • pronunciation tip Hrr voaye Tkal tcheech
  • Education
  • 1996 University diploma in physics, speciality
    in geophysics from University of Zagreb, Croatia
  • (lived in Croatia 26 yrs)
  • 2001 Ph.D. in geophysics from University of
    California at Berkeley, California
  • (lived in California 10 yrs graduated 1 year
    too early to get Schwarzenegers signature on my
    diploma)
  • Present position
  • Fellow in seismology, Earth Physics, RSES, ANU
  • Research interests
  • Observational global seismology studying the
    Earths interior with special interest in deep
    Earth structure - the inner and outer core, the
    core mantle boundary and the lowermost mantle
    interpretation of seismic results in the context
    of understanding Earths dynamic past, present
    and future
  • Non-tectonic environment earthquakes with
    anomalous seismic radiation and puzzling
    earthquake mechanisms (e.g. volcanic earthquakes,
    explosions, etc.)
  • Lithospheric structure using receiver functions,
    surface waves and other seismological techniques
  • Deployments of seismic instrumentation on Earth
    and planetary surfaces and improvement of spatial
    sampling of Earths interior by seismic body
    waves.

5
RSES Earth Physics - other seismology people
  • Dr. Brian Kennett, Professor of seismology,
    Director of RSES
  • Research interests summary seismic wave
    propagation theory upper mantle and whole Earth
    structure inverse theory applied seismology
  • Dr. Malcolm Sambridge, Professor of mathematical
    geophysics
  • Research interests summary mathematical
    geophysics inverse theory
  • Dr. Nick Rawlinson, Fellow
  • Research interests summary wavefront
    propagation in complex media seismic 3D imaging
    of Australian lithosphere array processing
    methods
  • Dr. Sara Pozgay, Postdoctoral Fellow
  • Research interests summary seismic
    anisotropy, subduction zones
  • Dr. Pierre Arrocau, Postdoctoral Fellow
  • Research interests summary seismic noise
    tomography
  • Dr. Michelle Salmon, Postdoctoral Fellow
  • Research interests summary lithospheric
    structure, receiver functions

6
RSES Earth Physics - other courses offered
  • M. Sc. Specializing in Earth Physics
  • PEAT8001 - Plate tectonics and mantle dynamics
  • PEAT8002 - Seismology
  • PEAT8004 - Current topics in geophysical fluid
    dynamics
  • PEAT8009 - Satellite orbit dynamics and the
    physics of the Earth
  • PEAT8011 - Earth materials
  • PEAT8012 - An introduction to inverse problems in
    the Earth sciences
  • PEAT8013 - Geophysical continuum mechanics
  • PEAT8014 - Special topics in Earth science
  • PEAT8020 - Imaging the Earth
  • For more information, please visit
    http//www.rses.anu.edu.au/students/index.php?pma
    sters_program

7
RSES Earth Physics - student projects
  • For more information about PhB program, Honours,
    Internships and Scholarships at RSES, (also for
  • postgraduate opportunities), please visit
  • http//www.rses.anu.edu.au/students/index.php

8
Textbooks and additional reading for weeks 1-4
  • The Solid Earth - Second Edition An introduction
    to Global Geophysics
  • by C. M. R. Fowler (Chapters 4 8 Appendix
    1-10) - Cambridge Univ. Press
  • Fundamentals of Geophysics
  • by W. Lowrie (Chapters 1 3) - Cambridge
    University Press
  • Additional reading (for those who want to know
    more)
  • Modern Global Seismology (intermediate level)
  • by T. Lay and Wallace
  • Seismic Wavefield (advanced level)
  • by B. L. N. Kennett

9
Textbooks and additional reading for the course
  • Bolt, B. (2004) Earthquakes, Freeman Co.
    (QE534.3 .B65 2004)
  • Shearer, P.M. (1999) Introduction to Seismology,
    Cambridge University Press (QE534.2 .S455 1999) -
    available online as a pdf
  • Davies, G. F. (1999) Dynamic Earth, Cambridge
    University Press (QE509.4 .D38 1999)
  • Poirier, J.P. (1991) Introduction to the Physics
    of the Earth's Interior, Cambridge University
    Press (QE509.P64 1991)
  • Stacey, F.D. (1992) Physics of the Earth, 3rd
    Edn., Brookfield Press (QC806.S65 1992)
  • Turcotte, D.L. Schubert, G. (2002) Geodynamics
    2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, (QE501.T83
    2002)

10
  • Grades

11
Required by all students
  • Reading the textbooks
  • (selected chapters)
  • Attend lectures
  • (for in-class assignments, non-textbook
    material,
  • turn in and pick up HW, final exam)
  • Tutorials
  • (weekly)
  • Homework assignments
  • (once per week - due on Wed, the
    week after)
  • (-15 points for late HW)

12
Required by all students
  • While in lecture, please DO NOT
  • Talk and have conversations
  • Forget to turn off cell phones
  • Work on homework or read newspapers
  • Break ANU rules/laws (e.g., cheating)

13
Required by all students
  • While in the lecture, please DO
  • Ask questions when anything is not clear
  • Engage in the discussions
  • Fully participate in in-class exercises

14
WEEK 1 - a rough guide
  • Lecture 1 - Foundations
  • Geologic time
  • Minerals and rocks
  • The dynamic Earth
  • Lecture 2 - Earth as a planet in the solar system
  • The Earth and the Moon
  • Other terrestrial planets
  • The Jovian (giant) planets
  • Lecture 3 - Introduction to Seismology
  • Planets contd.
  • History of seismology
  • Seismology as a tool for understanding
    earthquakes
  • Seismology as a tool of measuring the Earths
    interior
  • TUTORIAL I
  • Problems Gravitational force, planetary motions
  • Scalars, vectors and differential operators

15
WEEK 2
  • Lecture 4 - Geomagnetism
  • Guest speaker on geomagnetism Dr. Ted Lilley
  • Elastic moduli
  • Lecture 6 - Equation of motion
  • P and S waves
  • Free oscillations of the Earth
  • Ray theory
  • Wave propagation in high frequency
    approximation, ray parameter
  • Lecture 5 - Elasticity theory
  • Strain and stress
  • P and S waves
  • Elastic moduli
  • TUTORIAL II/LAB I
  • Problems set
  • Earthquake location

16
WEEK 3
  • Lecture 7 - Wiechert-Herglotz inversion
  • (of time-distance curves)
  • Travel time curves
  • Lecture 8 - Mohorovicics inversion
  • The nomenclature of seismic phases
  • Travel time curves
  • On the forward problem solved by Mohorovicic and
    the discovery of Moho
  • Lecture 9 - The geophysical inverse theory
  • Guest Speaker Dr. Malcolm Sambridge
  • Seismic tomography
  • TUTORIAL III
  • Problems set
  • Determination of focal mechanisms

17
WEEK 4
  • Lecture 10 - Earthquake seismology
  • Tectonic and volcanic earthquakes
  • Seismic sources
  • Seismic moment tensor
  • Earthquake magnitude
  • Focal mechanisms
  • TUTORIAL IV/LAB II
  • Adams-Williamson equation and
  • the determination of density
  • Moment tensor inversion
  • Lecture 11 - Internal structure of the Earth I
  • Cntd. Seismic sources, moment tensor inversion
  • Earths structure reference models 1D versus 3D
  • The crust, the mantle and the discontinuities
  • Lecture 12 - Internal structure of the Earth II
  • The core mantle boundary region
  • The core and the Earths magnetic field
  • Structure of the inner core and anisotropy
    hypothesis
  • Is the differential rotation of the inner core
    real?
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