The Role of the United Nations and UN/OCHA in HA/DR Operations

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The Role of the United Nations and UN/OCHA in
HA/DR Operations

• William H. Lyerly, Jr.,
• LTC, USAR (Ret)
• Director, Office of WMD Operations and Incident
  Management Science and Technology Directorate,
  Department of Homeland Security

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United Nations
NATO
WHO
NASA
Senior Advisor / Consultant
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U. S. AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
USAID is an independent federal agency that
conducts foreign assistance and humanitarian aid
to advance the political and economic interests
of the United States.
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Served as Technical Advisor to two NGOs
IMC (International Medical Corps,
Angola) CIHC (Center for International Health
and Cooperation)
Worked for two NGOs AMREF and ISTI (African
Medical Research Foundation and
the International Science and Technology
Institute)
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NGO Co-Founder
Civil Military Alliance to Combat HIV and
AIDS And Civil Military Alliance for Crisis
Prevention and Response
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The Response Triad
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THE MAJOR PLAYERS ARE THE INTERNATIONAL CIVILIAN
ORGANIZATIONS

• United Nations
• UNOCHA
• UNHCR
• UNICEF
• WFP
• WHO

• International/Non-Governmental
• ICRC
• The Federation (IFRC)
• CARE
• MSF

• Host Nation
• Government
• Regional/Local authority
• Tribal / traditional leaders
• Business
• Victims

• Donor Governments
• Government
• Military
• Foreign vs. Individual
• Religious

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United Nations Charter
Article 1 The Purposes of the United Nations
are 1. To maintain international peace and
security, 2. To develop friendly relations
among nations 3. To achieve international
co-operation in solving international problems of
an economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian
character, and in promoting and encouraging
respect for human rights and for fundamental
freedoms for all without distinction as to race,
sex, language, or religion and 4. To be a
centre for harmonizing the actions of nations in
the attainment of these common ends.

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United Nations System
General Assembly
Security Council
Secretariat
International Court of Justice
Economic and Social Council
Trusteeship Council
6 Principal Organs of the United Nations
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UNITED NATIONS -SYSTEM
Economic Social Committee
International Court of Justice
General Assembly
Security Council
Trusteeship Council
Secretariat

• UNDP
• UNHCR
• UNEP
• etc.

• WFP
• ITC
• etc.

• Commission
• on Human
• Rights
• etc.

• FAO
• WHO
• UNESCO
• IMF
• etc.

Military Staff Com

• Peacekeeping
• Operations
• UNTAC
• UNOSOM
• UNPROFOR
• etc.

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United Nations Offices
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• United Nations programmes and organs
  (representative list only)
• Specialized agencies and other autonomous
  organizations within the system
• Other commissions, committees and ad hoc and
  related bodies
• Not part of the United Nations system
  although has cooperating arrangements and
  practices with the Organization

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OCHA Mission Statement

• To mobilize and coordinate the collective
  efforts of the international community, in
  particular those of the UN system, to meet in a
  coherent and timely manner the needs of those
  exposed to human suffering and material
  destruction in disasters and emergencies. This
  involves reducing vulnerability, promoting
  solutions to root causes and facilitating the
  smooth transition from relief to rehabilitation
  and development.

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International InteragencyC4I
(Coordination, Cooperation, Concensus,
Communication and Information) Herding
Squirrels vs. Herding Cats
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No Unity of Command
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Best Case Scenario Unity of Effort
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UNITED NATIONS -COORDINATION

• UNOCHA - designated as the coordinator for the
  humanitarian assistance but has no authority over
  the agencies
• single focal point of contact for humanitarian
  assistance in an emergency
• information
• funding
• accreditation
• has coordination role with NGOs/IOs

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Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs (OCHA)
New York
Geneva
New York
Geneva
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Partners in Coordination

• The affected population
• Local and national government
• UN Res. Rep. and UNDMT
• MCDA Providers
• The United Nations Agencies
• National/International NGOs
• Donor Governments

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OCHA involvement in natural disasters and
environmental emergencies in 2001

• In response to 68 disasters in 47 countries
• launched 28 international appeals
• issued 216 situation reports
• recorded over US 369 million in cash and in-kind
  contributions by donors
• channelled US 7 million of contributions
• dispatched 11 United Nations Disaster Assessment
  and Coordination (UNDAC) missions
• mobilized 12 interventions of military and/or
  civil defence assets
• shipped 952 metric tonnes of relief goods from
  OCHA Brindisi warehouse
  

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Regional Desks
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Regional Desks

• The Regional Desks are the core of the RCB
  response system.
• The primary function of Regional Desks is the
  management of the Emergency Response System

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The UNDAC System

• Regional Teams in Europe, Latin America, Pacific
  Region and Caribbean
• System components include
• experienced emerg. managers
• Basic team equipment
• team deployment procedures
• training and methodology
• Support Modules (from 5 member states)

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MCDU - The Military and Civil Defence Unit

• CORE FUNCTIONS
• ? Focal Point in UN System ? Requests for MCDA
• ? Oslo Guidelines Process Field Handbook
• ? UNJLC Interface
• UN CMCoord TRAINING
• ? 12/year ? Facilitation of Regional Courses ?
  CIMIC Centres
• EXERCISES
• ? 4/year, 4 regions ? Clearing House ? From
  Planning Conferences to Exercise ? Incorporation
  of UN roles
• CENTRAL REGISTER ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES

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MCDU
Intensity
Military and Civil Defense Assets
International Response
National Response
Reconstruction
Time
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DPR 213/3 MCDA OSLO GUIDELINES

• General Principles
• Complimentarity
• Provided in response to request
• Provided at no cost to receiving state
• Unarmed, but in national uniforms
• Predefined legal status

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The Duty System

• Operational 24 hours/day, 365 days/year
• Coordination Centre
• Emergency Telephone no.

(41-22) 917 20 10
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For more information...

• www.reliefweb.int
• OCHA online
• Emergency Response and Relief Coordination

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UN/OCHA Summary

• OCHA is an office in the UN Secretariat
• Primary Locations New York and Geneva
• MCDU is one of the primary emergency response
  tools for major international humanitarian
  emergencies
• OCHA and MCDU are supported by a 24/7 days a week
  readiness system

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Take Home Message
UN, along with NGOs, and IOs remain the solution
to the Military End-State in HA/DR Ops!
________________
HA/DR with a Security Component vs.
Peacekeeping with an HA/DR Component
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Conflict and Terrorism LinkFreedom Fighter vs
Terrorist

• Spillover countries Uganda, Kenya, Zimbabwe
• Post conflict Mozambique, CAR, Nigeria,
  Rwanda/Burundi
• Struggling Angola, DROC, Guinea Bissau, Liberia
• Internal war Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan

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The Emerging Humanitarian Environment is Global.
Threats to Our Security are No Longer Over
There
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Economic and Political Instability
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Unconventional Weapon Accountability
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Terrorists and other Non-State Actors

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The gravest danger to freedom lies at the
crossroads of radicalism and technology. When the
spread of chemical and biological and nuclear
weapons, along with ballistic missile
technologywhen that occurs, even weak states and
small groups could attain a catastrophic power to
strike great nations. Our enemies have declared
this very intention, and have been caught seeking
these terrible weapons. They want the capability
to blackmail us, or to harm us, or to harm our
friendsand we will oppose them with all our
power.
Weapons of Mass Destruction

• President BushWest Point, New YorkJune 1, 2002

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Bio Weapon Small Pox
Mustard Gas
Toyko Sarin Incident
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Can it happen again?
IRAQ
GULF WAR
TOKYO
COL Mike Smith, USAR
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The Department of Homeland Security Was
EstablishedBy Public Law and Executive Order on
January 24, 2003

• Thomas Joseph Ridge was Sworn-In as the first
  Secretary of Homeland Security by the President
  and the Vice President during a Ceremony at the
  White House

The White House, January 24, 2003
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Department of Homeland Security

• One Department
• - whose primary mission is to protect the
  American homeland
• - to secure our borders, transportation sector,
  ports, and critical infrastructure
• - to synthesize and analyze homeland security
  intelligence from multiple sources
• - to coordinate communications with state and
  local governments, private industry, and the
  American people about threats and preparedness
• - to coordinate our efforts to protect the
  American people against bioterrorism and other
  weapons of mass destruction
• - to help train and equip for first responders
  and
• - to manage federal emergency response
  activities.

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The Organization of the Department of Homeland
Security

• A clear and efficient organizational structure
  with four main Directorates (each led by an
  Under Secretary)
• Border and Transportation Security
• Emergency Preparedness and Response
• Science and Technology
• (Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear
  Countermeasures)
• Information Analysis Infrastructure Protection

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DHS A Merger of 22 Agencies and 180,000
Personnel

• Border and Transportation Security
• - Customs Service
• - Border Patrol
• - Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
  
• - Inspectors of the Animal and Plant Health
  Inspection Service (USDA)
• - the recently created Transportation Security
  Administration (TSA)
• Emergency Preparedness and Response
• - Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
• - NDMS, MMRS, and National Pharmaceutical
  Stockpile (HHS).
• - OPCON the Nuclear Emergency Search Team
  (DOE) and the
• Science and Technology
• - Unify the Chem-Bio Defense and Nuclear
  Assessment Programs of the DOE National Nuclear
  Security Administration (LLNL, LANL, SNL) .
• Information Analysis and Infrastructure
  Protection
• - All source info CIA, NSA, FBI, INS, DEA,
  DOE, Customs, DOT, CDC, APHIS, and state/local
  public health, law enforcement, emergency mgmt.

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Other Key Components

• State/Local Government Private Sector
  Coordination.
• Secret Service.
• Coast Guard
• Non-Homeland Security Functions.

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Non-Homeland Security Functions

• A number of functions that are not directly
  related to securing the homeland against
  terrorism
• - For instance, through FEMA, it will be
  responsible for mitigating the effects of
  natural disasters.
• - Through the Coast Guard, it will be
  responsible for search and rescue and
  other maritime functions.
• - Several other border functions, such as drug
  interdiction operations and naturalization.

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Thank YouWilliam H. Lyerly, Jr.Director,
Office of WMD Operations and Incident
Management Science and Technology
DirectorateDepartment of Homeland Security
Washington, DC 20528 Phone (202)
786-0088Cell [phone]E-mail
William.Lyerly_at_DHS.gov
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Back-up Slide
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