On your MARC Introduction to MARC 21 Bibliographic

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On your MARC!Introduction to MARC 21
Bibliographic

• Beth Oehlerts
• Nancy Chaffin
• May 24, 2007

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MARC Bibliographic Records

• MARC (MAchine Readable Cataloging) records
• International standard format allows for the
  uniform representation and communication of
  bibliographic data between systems using MARC
  records.

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Introduction to MARC Records

• History
• - Developed in the 1960s by the Library of
  Congress
• - Led to the foundation of national online
  catalogs such as OCLC and RLIN
• Uses
• Flexible tool to describe books, serials, maps,
  non-book materials, computer files, etc.
• Standardized format permits sharing records

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Sources of MARC Records

• Bibliographic utilities
• OCLC
• RLIN
• Vendor supplied/purchased
• U.S.G.P.O.
• PromptCat
• Z39.50 sources
• Library of Congress

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Structure of MARC Records

• All share the same structure
• Each has a
• Leader
• Directory
• Fields

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Leader

• The first section in a MARC record
• Contains coded information about the record (not
  the resource)
• Many elements are not displayed

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Leader in a MARC record
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Leader
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Leader Expanded
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Leader Contents
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Directory

• The second section in a MARC record
• Lists the tag, length, and starting character
  position of each field in the MARC record
• Is machine-generated and is not displayed, nor
  can it be altered manually

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MARC Directory
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Fields

• Logically divide information about the resource
  being described
• Title
• Author
• Publication, etc.
• Fields are defined by the MARC21 Standard

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Field Tags

• Tags
• 3 character positions
• Only numeric
• Used as field names
• 100 1_ a Grahame, Kenneth, d 1859- 1932.
• 245 14 a The wind in the willows / c by
  Kenneth Grahame.

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Indicators

• Indicators
• 2 character positions
• Useful for computer manipulation
• Not defined for all fields
• Primarily numeric (and blank undefined)
• Must be read/assigned as individual values
• 100 1_ a Grahame, Kenneth, d 1859- 1932.
• 245 14 a The wind in the willows / c by
  Kenneth Grahame.

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Subfields

• Subfields
• Further divides the MARC field
• Marked by delimiters combined with a subfield
  code
• Not defined for some fields
• 100 1_ a Grahame, Kenneth, d 1859- 1932.
• 245 14 a The wind in the willows / c by
  Kenneth Grahame.

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Frequently Seen Field Tags

• 050 Library of Congress Call Number
• 100 Personal Name Main Entry (Author)
• 245 Title Statement
• 260 Publication Information
• 300 Physical Description
• 440 Series
• 500 General Notes
• 504 Bibliography
• 520 Summary Note
• 650 Topical Subject
• 700 Personal Name Added Entry
• 710 Corporate Body Added Entry

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Tags, Indicators, Subfields
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MARC21 Fields

• MARC21 records have
• Variable control fields (including fixed fields)
• Variable data fields

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Variable Control Fields

• 001 Control Field (NR)
• 003 Control Number Identifier (NR)
• 005 Date and Time of Last Transaction (NR)
• 006 Fixed-Length Data Elements-Additional
  Material Characteristics (R)
• 007 Physical Description Fixed Field (R)
• 008 Fixed-Length Data Elements (NR)

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Fixed Length Fields

• Based on byte position in the field
• Only specific values can be entered.
• Values are enumerated and defined in the MARC21
  standard.
• Includes 006, 007, 008

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MARC 008
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MARC 006 and 007

• 006
• Map
• Electronic resource
• Visual materials
• Music

• 007
• Map
• Electronic resource
• Microform
• Videorecording
• Music scores
• Sound recording
• Kit

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Variable Data Fields

• Vary in length
• Content is controlled by cataloging rules, not
  MARC21
• Are usually grouped together when discussed

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Variable Data Fields

• 01X-09X Numbers, Codes, and Classifications
• 1XX Main Entries
• 2XX Title, Edition, Imprint
• 3XX Physical Description

• 4XX Series
• 5XX Notes
• 6XX Subject Fields
• 7XX Added and Linking Entries
• 8XX Series Added Entries, Holdings, Alternate
  Graphics
• 9XX Locally Defined

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01X-09X

• 010 Library of Congress Control Number
• 020 International Standard Bibliographic Number
  (ISBN)
• 022 International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
• 035 System Control Number
• 082, 050, 090, 086 Classification Numbers

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1XX Main Entries

• 100 (Personal Name)
• 110 (Corporate Body)
• 111 (Conference Name)
• 130 (Uniform TitleMain Entry)

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2XX Title, Edition, Imprint

• 240 (Uniform TitleAdded Entry)
• 245 Title Statement
• 246 Varying Form of Title
• 250 Edition
• 260 Publication (Imprint)

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3XX Physical Description

• 300 Physical Description
• 362 Dates of Publication and/or
  Sequential Designation

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4XX Series

• 440 Series
• 490 1_ Series Traced Differently
• 490 0_ Series Not Traced

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5XX Notes

• 500 General
• 504 Bibliography
• 505 Contents
• 511 Performer
• 515 Numbering
• 520 Summary
• 530 Additional Formats
• 533 Reproduction

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6XX Subject Fields

• 600 Personal Name
• 610 Corporate Body
• 611 Conference
• 630 Uniform Title
• 650 Topical
• 651 Geographical
• 655 Genre/Form

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7XX Added and Linking Entries

• 700 Personal Name
• 710 Corporate Name
• 711 Conference Name
• 730 Uniform Title Added Entry
• 740 Analytic Title Added Entry
• 76X-78X Linking Entries

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8XX

• 800-830 Series Entries
• 841-88X Holdings, Alternate Graphics
• Most are part of the MARC21 Holdings Format
• 856 most frequently used

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Locally Defined

• 59X
• 9XX

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MARC21 Standard

• Bibliographic
• Authority
• Holdings
• Classification
• Community

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More sources of information

• Understanding MARC Bibliographic
  http//www.loc.gov/cds/marcdoc.htmlumb
• MARC21 Concise Formats http//www.loc.gov/cds/marc
  doc.htmlucf
• Bibliographic Formats and Standards
  http//www.oclc.org/bibformats/default.htm

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• Special Thanks
• Laura Wright
• Tami Morse McGill
• Alan Crump
• Bill Folden