Introduction to Verbs Chapter 15

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Introduction to VerbsChapter 15
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Exegetical Insight 1 John 21 and 36

• 1 John 21 Tekni,a mou( tau/ta gra,fw umi/n ina
  mh. ama,rthteÅ kai. eva,n tij ama,rth(
  para,klhton ecomen pro.j to.n pate,ra VIhsou/n
  Cristo.n di,kaion\
• 1 John 36 pa/j o evn auvtw/ me,nwn ouvc
  amarta,nei\ pa/j o amarta,nwn ouvc ew,raken
  auvto.n ouvde. egnwken auvto,nÅ

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English Grammar

• Verb a word that describes action or state of
  being.
• I am studying Greek.
• Greek is the language of the New Testament.
• Person
• First (I, we)
• Second (you)
• Third (he, she, it, they)
• Number either singular or plural
• I am the teacher.
• You are the students.
• Agreement A verb must agree with its subject in
  person and number.
• Time when the action takes place (past,
  present, future)

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English Grammar

• Tense In English, tense refers to both the time
  of the action and the form of the word.
• I study present tense
• I will study future tense
• I studied past tense
• Note the time of the verb is from the standpoint
  of the speaker/writer, not the reader.
• Aspect What is the difference between
• I studied last night.
• I was studying last night.
• The difference is in the kind of action
  completed versus continuous.

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English Grammar

• Aspect and time

present past future
completed I study I studied I will study
continuous I am studying I was studying I will be studying
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English Grammar

• Voice refers to the relationship between the
  subject and the verb.
• Active the subject does the action of the verb.
• Bill hit the ball.
• Passive the subject receives the action of the
  verb.
• Bill was hit by the ball.

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Greek Verbs

• Tenses
• Present
• Aorist
• Future
• Imperfect
• Perfect
• Pluperfect

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Greek Verbs- tenses

• Present
• Shows action in present time

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Greek Verbs- tenses

• Future
• Shows action of the verb as defined in the future.

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Greek Verbs- tenses

• Aorist
• Simple, undefined action.

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Greek Verbs- tenses

• Imperfect
• Continuous or linear action
• in past time.

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Greek Verbs- tenses

• Perfect
• The action was completed in the past, but has
  lasting and continuing results into the future.

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Greek Verbs- tenses

• Pluperfect
• The action was completed in the past, with
  continuing results in the past.

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Greek Verbs- Moods

• Indicative
• Imperative
• Subjunctive
• Optative
• Participle
• Infinitive

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Greek Verbs- Moods

• Indicative
• Makes an assertion of fact

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Greek Verbs- Moods

• Imperative
• A command to do something.

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Greek Verbs- Moods

• Subjunctive
• Makes an assertion about which there is some
  doubt, uncertainty, or indefiniteness

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Greek Verbs- Moods

• Optative
• Usually expresses a wish or desire.

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Greek Verbs- Moods

• Participle
• A verbal adjective

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Greek Verbs- Moods

• Infinitive
• A verbal noun

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Greek Verbs- Voices

• Active
• Passive
• Middle

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Greek Verbs- Voices

• Active
• Action was completed by the subject of the verb.

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Greek Verbs- Voices

• Passive
• The subject receives the action of the verb.

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Greek Verbs- Voices

• Middle
• The subject acts in some way upon itself or to
  itself.

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Present Active Indicative

• Present tense stem Connecting Vowel Primary
  active personal endings
• lu o men luvomen

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Greek Verbs- Charts

• Stem This is the part of the verb that carries
  the basic meaning.
• Connecting vowel Greek verbs sometimes need a
  vowel after the stem to aid in the pronunciation
  of the word.
• Personal endings Suffixes added to the end of
  the verb indicating person and number

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Keep Parsing of Nouns and Verbs Straight

• Verbs do not have case or gender nouns do not
  have person.
• Nouns
• Case, gender, number
• Verbs
• Tense, voice, mood, person and number

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Greek Verbs- Charts

• Our first set of endings and the primary active
  endings are as follows
• 1s-w
• 2s-eiV
• 3s-ei
• 1p-omen
• 2p-ete
• 3p-ousi(n)

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Greek Verbs- Charts

• Parsing the breaking down of the verb and
  denoting of person, number, tense, voice, mood,
  lexical form, and definition of inflected form.
• Lexical form For verbs, this will be the 1st
  person singular, present indicative.

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Paradigm Present Active Indicative- luvvw
1sg luvw I am loosing o -
2sg luveiV You are loosing e V
3sg luvei he/she/it is loosing e i
1pl luvomen we are loosing o men
2pl luvete yall are loosing e te
3pl luvousi(n) they are loosing o nsi
Tense Aug/ Tense Tense Conn. Personal 1st
Sing. Redup Stem Form. Vowel Endings Paradigm Pr
esent Present o / e Prim act luvw
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Primary Active ending
1s -w
2s -eiV
3s -ei
1p -omen
2p -ete
3p -ousi(n)
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Greek Verbs- Tense

• Aspect This can be either continuous or
  undefined.
• Aspect ALWAYS takes precedence over time
• Time Present tense generally indicates an action
  occurring in the present tense.

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Verbs Personal Pronouns

• It is not usually necessary to provide the
  personal pronoun as the subject of a verb because
  the verb ending indicates the personal pronoun
  subject of the verb.
• Reasons for including the personal pronoun are
  twofold
• Emphasis.
• Gender.

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Beta

• th.n fwnh.n auvtou/ avkou,eij
• You hear its sound

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Gamma

• evxousi,an ecei o uio.j tou/ avnqrw,pou
• the son of man has authority

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Delta

• to. fw/j tou/ ko,smou tou,tou ble,pousin
• They see the light of the world

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