Imperatives - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About This Presentation
Title:

Imperatives

Description:

Another verbal mood in Greek is the Imperative mood. Imperative mood expresses commands. Tense of the imperative mood expresses aspect only, like subjunctives, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

Number of Views:2613
Avg rating:3.0/5.0
Slides: 23
Provided by: toddboh
Learn more at: http://plaza.ufl.edu
Category:

less

Transcript and Presenter's Notes

Title: Imperatives


1
Unit 11
2
Imperatives
  • Another verbal mood in Greek is the Imperative
    mood.
  • Imperative mood expresses commands.
  • Tense of the imperative mood expresses aspect
    only, like subjunctives, optatives, and
    infinitives.
  • The imperative only occurs only in the second and
    third persons.

3
Present Imperative - Active
  • -e
  • -et?
  • -ete
  • -??t??
  • Ăź???e
  • Ăźa???t?
  • Ăź???ete
  • Ăźa????t??

4
Present Imperative Mid/Passive
  • -?? lt -es?
  • -es??
  • -es?e
  • -es???
  • Ăź?????
  • Ăźa???s??
  • Ăź???es?e
  • Ăźa???s???

5
Contract Verbs Present Imperative
  • The three types of contract verbs (a, e, ?) form
    their imperatives by using the same endings and
    following the normal rules of contraction.
  • This is true both for the active and
    middle/passive forms.
  • t?µ? (t?µ???)
  • t?µ??t?? (t?µa??t??)
  • t?µ?s??? (t?µa?s???)

6
1st Aorist Imperative - Active
  • -??
  • -at?
  • -ate
  • -a?t??
  • ??????
  • ??a??t?
  • ????ate
  • ??a???t??

7
1st Aorist Imperative - Middle
  • -a?
  • -as??
  • -as?e
  • -as???
  • ????a?
  • ??a??s??
  • ????as?e
  • ??a??s???

8
2nd Aorist Imperative - Active
  • -e
  • -et?
  • -ete
  • -??t??
  • Ăź??e
  • Ăźa??t?
  • Ăź??ete
  • Ăźa???t??

9
2nd Aorist Imperative - Middle
  • -??
  • -es??
  • -es?e
  • -es???
  • Ăźa???
  • Ăźa??s??
  • Ăź??es?e
  • Ăźa??s???

10
Aorist Imperative - Passive
  • ?t? (???)
  • ?t?
  • ?te
  • e?t??
  • ???f?t?
  • ??af?t?
  • ???f?te
  • ??af??t??

11
Commnads Summary
  • PERSON
  • Subjunctive (Hortatory)
  • Imperative
  • Imperative
  • Many commands in both the hortatory subjunctive
    and the imperative are preceeded by idiomatic
    statements like ??e, ??ete, f??e, ???, e? d??e.
    All mean come on.

12
Prohibitions Summary
  • PERSON PROGRESSIVE/REPEATED SIMPLE
  • 1 µ? Present Subj. µ? Aor. Subj.
  • (Hortatory) (Hortatory)
  • 2 µ? Present Imperative µ? Aor. Subj.
  • (Prohibitive)
  • 3 µ? Present Imperative µ? Aor. Subj.
  • (Prohibitive)

13
a?t??, a?t?, a?t?
  • This word is used in Greek both as an adjective
    and a pronoun.
  • It functions as an adjective in the attributive
    position.
  • It functions as a adjective in the predicate
    position.
  • It is a personal pronoun for the third person
    when used independently.

14
a?t??, a?t?, a?t?
  • a?t?? a?t? a?t?
  • a?t?? a?t?? a?t??
  • a?t? a?t? a?t?
  • a?t?? a?t?? a?t?
  • a?t?? a?ta? a?t?
  • a?t?? a?t?? a?t??
  • a?t??? a?ta?? a?t???
  • a?t??? a?t?? a?t?

15
a?t??, a?t?, a?t? - Attributive
  • In the attributive position, it functions as an
    adjective.
  • The English translation will be the same.
  • ? a?t?? p???t??
  • the same poet
  • t? a?t? p???µa
  • the same thing/issue/event/problem

16
a?t??, a?t?, a?t? - Intensive
  • In the predicate position, it functions as an
    intensive adjective.
  • The English translation will be -self or
    personally.
  • It may modify an unexpressed subject of a verb.

17
a?t??, a?t?, a?t? - Intensive
  • ? p???t?? a?t??
  • the poet himself/personally
  • t? p???µa a?t?
  • the thing/issue/event/problem itself

18
a?t??, a?t?, a?t? - Pronoun
  • When it does not modify another word it is
    serving as the third person pronoun.
  • In classical Attic, it will not appear in the
    nominative in this use.
  • him, her, it, his, hers, its, etc.
  • a?t??? a??a? ???saµe?
  • We sacrificed goats to them.

19
Temporal Clauses
  • Temporal clauses are dependent clauses which
    express a relationship in time between the action
    within the clause and the action of the main
    sentence.
  • As usual, the action of a main clause can be
    past, present, or future.
  • The action of a dependent clause will then be
    prior, simultaneous, or subsequent.

20
Temporal Clauses
  • Like conditional statements, temporal clauses are
    the dependent protasis, and the main clause is
    the independent apodosis.
  • Temporal clause protasis
  • Main clause apodosis

21
Temporal Clauses
  • Past Definite (past tense indicative)
  • Prior ?pe?, ?pe?d? past tense indicative
  • Simultaneous ?te aorist or imperfect ind.
  • Present General (present indicative)
  • Prior ?pe?d?? aorist subj.
  • Simultaneous ?ta? present or aorist subj.

22
Temporal Clauses
  • Past General (imperfect indicative)
  • Prior ?pe?, ?pe?d? aorist optative
  • Simultaneous ?te present or aorist optative
  • Future More Vivid (future indicative)
  • Prior ?pe?d?? aorist subj.
  • Simultaneous ?ta? present or aorist subj.
Write a Comment
User Comments (0)
About PowerShow.com