Future of Surveillance in the National Airspace System

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Future of Surveillance in the National Airspace
System
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Todays Air Transportation System

• Ground-based
• Human-centric and un-automated
• Single channel voice control
• Aging Infrastructure (youngest en-route facility
  43 years old)

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Next Generation Air Transportation System
(NextGen)

• Transformation and Modernization of the National
  Airspace System
• Goal is to
• Triple the amount of air traffic capacity
• Further enhance safety
• Strengthen Homeland Security
• Protect the Environment

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Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast
(ADS-B)

• Automatic
• Periodically transmits information with no pilot
  or operator input required
• Dependent
• Position and velocity vector are derived from the
  Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Surveillance -
• A method of determining position of aircraft,
  vehicles, or other asset
• Broadcast
• Transmitted information available to anyone with
  the appropriate receiving equipment

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ADS-B Milestones
Final Invest- ment Decision Feb 07
RFO
Equipage Mandate - 2020
Ground Infra- Structure Deployed 2013
Contract Award Aug 07
Backup Analysis Jan 07
Final Rule Nov 09
NPRM Sep 07
In-Service Decision Nov 10
Separation Standards Pre-NPRM Activity Lower
Risk from High to Medium Aug 07
Separation Standards Approval Sep 09
Key Site IOC Apr 10
Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Initial
Operating Capability
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Gulf of Mexico Current Conditions
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Gulf of Mexico ADS-B Enabled
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ADS-B Milestones
Final Invest- ment Decision Feb 07
RFO
Equipage Mandate - 2020
Ground Infra- Structure Deployed 2013
Contract Award Aug 07
Backup Analysis Jan 07
Final Rule Nov 09
NPRM Sep 07
In-Service Decision Nov 10
Separation Standards Pre-NPRM Activity Lower
Risk from High to Medium Aug 07
Separation Standards Approval Sep 09
Key Site IOC Apr 10
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Backup Analysis Ground Rules - Minimum
Requirements

• Strategy must support ATC surveillance
  application
• Basic en route and terminal area services
• Support for other applications desirable, but not
  required
• Continuity of services must be maintained
• Must maintain at least the same level of capacity
  during a GPS outage that we would have during a
  radar outage today
• 3 nm separations in top 40 high density
  terminals
• 5 nm separations in medium density terminals and
  en route
• Coverage volume same as CENRAP coverage top 40
  terminals
• Safety of operations must be maintained
• Single-aircraft avionics failures must also be
  addressed
• Strategy must be able to be implemented and made
  operational on or before ADS-B rule compliance
  date

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Backup Analysis Potential Backup Technologies
and Methods

• Surveillance
• Secondary radar
• Primary radar
• Passive multilateration
• Active multilateration
• Positioning/Navigation
• DME/DME/IRU
• DME/DME
• eLoran
• IRU only
• Satellite Navigation Only (SBAS/WAAS, L5,
  Galileo)
• VOR/DME, LOC/DME, MLS/RNAV
• Procedural Separation

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Backup Analysis Recommendation

• The FAA should adopt Backup Strategy 1,
  Secondary Radar
• Retain (reduced) secondary radar network to cover
  required airspace, and use primary radar to
  mitigate single-aircraft avionics failures
• Requires approximately 40 terminal Secondary
  Surveillance Radars (SSRs) and 150 en route SSRs
  be retained beyond 2020 (compared to a total of
  approximately 380 today)
• No additional equipage required for aircraft
• This strategy is assessed as having the highest
  performance ranking and lowest life cycle cost
• The FAA should revisit this assessment prior to
  committing to radar investments beyond 2020
• Changes in evaluation assumptions could
  significantly affect results of this assessment
• Investment decision for Strategy 1 required no
  later than FY2014

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Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast
(ADS-B) Backup System

• The FAA adopted Radar as the preferred back up
  system.
• But current radar networks are
• Aging (new ones are up to 40 years old)
• Nearing the end of their service life
• Expensive to maintain

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Potential Benefits of MPAR in Civil Aviation

• MPAR may prove to be a viable, cost-efficient
  backup to ADS-B.
• MPAR may assist in achieving key NextGen
  capabilities such as
• Assimilating Weather into Decision-making
• Aircraft Trajectory-Based Operations
• Super Density Operations

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MPAR Concept
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MPAR Performance Benefits

• MPAR enables a 35 reduction in the number of
  radars.
• MPAR can save 1.8 billion savings in replacement
  acquisition costs.
• MPAR can save an additional 3 billion in life
  cycle costs over 30 years

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MPAR Approach
Today
Single System
Seven System Types
Multi-Mission
Single Mission
Non-Scalable
Scalable to Mission Needs
Consolidated Maintenance,Logistic and Training
Prgms
Multiple Maintenance, Logistic and Training
Prgms
Mechanically Rotating
Electronically Steered
5000 ft AGL, Blue, weather only
Future Concept