The current European Pilot Training System

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The current European Pilot Training System
COPAC 1st European Congress on Pilots Training
57 March 2008 Barcelona - Spain

• Luís Cardoso Ribeiro
• Flight Crew Licensing Senior Officer
• Flight Standards Department
• Rulemaking Directorate
• EASA

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Contents
• Introduction
• The JAR-FCL system
• EASA system and Pilot Licensing
• EASA regulatory framework
• Transition from JAR-FCL to Part FCL
• EASA Part FCL and related Parts

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Introduction
• Some History !!

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Introduction
• The endeavour of developing an European
  harmonised Pilot Licensing and Training System
  started under auspices of ECAC.
• The major player was the ECAC FCL Committee
• First Meeting
• 24 26 February 1987 Paris

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Introduction
• From 1992 onwards this task was transferred to
  the JAA FCL Committee, and later to the JAA
  Licensing Sectorial Team.
• At the same time the first NPA on JAR-FCL 1 (
  Aeroplane) came out.
• Result 1100 comments.
• Second NPA in 1994
• 1500 comments on JAR-FCL 1 (Aeroplane) and 400
  comments on JAR-FCL 3 (Medical).

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Introduction
• In 1996 JAR-FCL 1 (Aeroplane) and JAR-FCL 3
  (Medical) was adopted by the JAA Committe
• 8 October 1996
• This means that from this date onwards JAA Member
  States could start the implementation of this
  JARs.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Introduction
• Implementation of JAR-FCL 1 (Aeroplane) and
  JAR-FCL 3 (Medical)
• 1 July 1999
• From this date on the JAR-FCL system started to
  enable licence holders and NAAs to have the same
  set of requirements for training and testing of
  pilots, and for issue of licence, ratings,
  certificates, approvals and authorisations, but.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• Consists of requirements and associated
  procedures for
• Technical Part
• The training and testing of pilots
• Administrative Part
• The issue of licences, ratings, approvals of
  training organisations, examiners authorisations
  and medical certificates
• Based on
• ICAO Annex 1 SARPs and existing European National
  regulations and practices.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• Main objective
• Mutual Recognition
• This means
• Acceptance without formality by other JAA Member
  States of
• licences
• ratings
• authorisation
• approvals
• certificates
• when issued in accordance with JAR-FCL and
  associated procedures.
• To promote throughout Europe the free movement of
  persons and services !!!

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• Main Features
• Pilots trained in an approved training
  organisation based on a approved training course
  syllabus.
• Instructors trained based on the same standards.
• Examiners standardised.
• For Theoretical Knowlegde Examination using the
  JAA Central Question Bank.
• Standardised Skill Tests and Proficiency Checks.
• Harmonised Medical Requirements.
• Harmonised administrative procedures for National
  Aviation Authorities.
• e.g. procedure for the transfer of state of
  licence issue.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• How to become a professional pilot?
• The traditional way
• Modular route
• PPL course,CPL course, IR course, ATPL
  theoretical knowledge course and many hours of
  flight and tests.
• Integrated route
• ATP integrated course, resulting in the issue of
  a CPL and IR and ATPL Theory

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• How to become a professional pilot?
• The latest developments and alternative way
• The Integrated Multi-Crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
  course.
• Resulting in a MPL with Multi-Pilot Type Rating
  and ATPL theory

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• How to become a professional pilot?
• MPL privileges
• Exercise all the privileges of the holder of a
  PPL(A), including the night qualification
• Exercise the privileges of the IR(A) in an
  aeroplane required to be operated with a
  co-pilot and
• Act as co-pilot in an aeroplane required to be
  operated with a co-pilot.
• Additional conditions apply when a pilot wants to
  exercise the privileges of a CPL(A) or IR(A)
  (single pilot).

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• MPL key features
• Direct training into operational environment of a
  multi-pilot aeroplane
• Approved ab initio integrated training course
• Much greater use of modern training devices
• Flexibility for training providers
• Competency based
• Strong link to Operators
• Progressive implementation based on existing
  approved courses
• Close oversight by NAAs and regular feedback
• Traditional training routes remain open

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The JAR-FCL system
• Future challenges
• Fine tune MPL Advisory Board process
• Apply competency principles to theoretical
  knowledge
• Improve Instructor requirements
• Link to the Flight Simulation International
  Working Group
• Incorporate MPL into EASA Implementing Rules

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA system and Pilot Licensing

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The current European Pilot Training System

• European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA)
• Where are we located ?

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The Agency is located in
• Cologne - Germany
• The Agency already employs some 350
  professionals from all EASA Member States.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• We are independent and accountable !
• The European Aviation Safety Agency became
  operational in 2003 on the basis of a European
  Parliament and Council Regulation (1592/2002).
• As an independent EU body under European law, it
  is accountable to the Member States and the EU
  institutions.
• A Management Board with representatives from the
  Member States and the European Commission adopts
  the Agencys budget and work programme.
• The aviation industry is actively involved in the
  Agencys work through a number of consultative
  and advisory committees.
• There is also an independent Board of Appeal.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Current Tasks - 1
• Rulemaking drafting safety legislation and
  providing technical advice to the European
  Commission and to the Member States
• Inspections, training and standardisation
  programmes to ensure uniform implementation of
  European aviation safety legislation in all
  Member States
• Safety and environmental type-certification of
  aircraft, engines and parts

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Current Tasks - 2
• Approval and oversight of aircraft design
  organisations world-wide as and of production and
  maintenance organisations outside the EU
• Data collection, analysis and research to improve
  aviation safety.
• Manage the European Community SAFA programme on
  behalf of the European Commission.
• promote European Community views through
  co-operation with Third Countries and
  International Organisations.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Future Tasks 1
• The European Commission has proposed to extend
  the Agencys responsibilities to further
  important areas of safety regulation
• Rules and procedures for civil aviation
  operations
• Licensing of crews in the Member States
• Certification of non-Member State airlines.
• The Agency will take over these tasks during
  2008.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Future Tasks 2
• In the long-term, it is also likely to play a key
  role in the safety regulation of airports and air
  traffic management systems.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The Agency Structure

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA regulatory framework

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The principles
• DECENTRALISATION IS THE RULE...
• The EC Treaty is based on the principle that the
  Community acts as a legislator, while Member
  States apply Community law under Community
  control.
• Community law is directly applicable (full part
  of Member States legal order).
• Legal remedies for individuals and enforcement
  means are provided by Member States judicial
  systems.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The principles
• CENTRALISATION THE EXCEPTION
• The EC Treaty provides however for the delegation
  of
• executive powers to the Commission (hard law) or
  an
• executive agency (soft law)
• In such cases
• Delegated powers shall be strictly defined to
  allow judicial control of executive acts
• Judicial remedies available to individuals and
  enforcement means shall be specified when
  delegated powers allow individual decisions

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The principles
• The Parliament and the Council define the Scope
  of Powers transferred from the Member States to
  the Community
• They adopt the Essential Requirements specifying
  the objectives to be met
• The Commission adopts standards for implementing
  the essential requirements
• The Agency adopts non binding standards for
  implementing the essential requirements

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EASA Regulatory Framework
Agency Opinion
European Commission European Council European
Parliament
Agency Opinion
European Commission
Agency Decision
CS , AMC GM
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The current European Pilot Training System

• EU Regulatory Framework - 2
• Agency Opinion
• containing Essential Requirements
• Further process with the European Commission,
  European Council and European Parliament
  Co-decision Procedure
• Agency Opinion
• containing Implementing Rules
• Further process with the European Commission

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EU Regulatory Framework - 3
• Agency Decision
• containing AMC/GM related to the Implementing
  Rules and Certification Specifications
• Further processed within the Agency
• And issued by the EASA Executive Director

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EU Regulatory Framework - 4
• The European Commission adopts binding standards
  for implementing the essential requirements
• Implementing Rules
• The Agency adopts non binding standards for
  implementing the essential requirements
• AMCs
• Certification Specifications
• Guidance Material

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The EASA Rulemaking Process
Rulemaking Programme
Programming
Initiation
Draft
Drafting
Consultation
Notice of Proposed Amendment
Review of Comments
Comment-Response Document
Agency Opinion
Executive Director Decision
Adoption
Publication
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The current European Pilot Training System

• The EASA Rulemaking Process
• Rulemaking Programme
• The EASA Executive Director (ED) establishes
  annual rulemaking programme
• The ED consults Safety Standards Consultative
  Committee (SSCC) and Advisory Group of National
  Authorities (AGNA)
• Any person may propose issues
• Programme supported by preliminary RIA
  (Regulatory Impact Assessment)
• ED can adapt the programme
• Publication of programme
• Regular review of the impact of rules

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The EASA Rulemaking Process
• Initiation
• Draw up Terms of Reference after consulting SSCC
  and AGNA
• definition of task
• timetable
• format of deliverable
• Choose between drafting group or Agency resources
  
• If drafting group ED decides composition after
  consulting SSCC and AGNA
• Agency to provide support to groups

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The EASA Rulemaking Process
• Drafting
• ED may amend Terms of Reference (ToR)
• ED to verify that drafting result satisfies ToR
• Assign unique NPA reference code
• Publish NPA, including
• proposed rule
• explanatory note
• significant, contentious or interface issues
• situation with respect to ICAO and non-EU
  Aviation Authority
• full Regulatory Impact Assessment

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The EASA Rulemaking Process
• Consultation
• Any person may comment
• Consultation period 3 monthsalthough ED may
  decide on different period
• extensions can be granted only in exceptional
  cases
• Comments shall contain
• identification of the comment provider
• NPA reference code
• position with justification

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The EASA Rulemaking Process
• Review of Comments
• Comments review by original drafter(s) AND
  experts not involved in the drafting
• Comment response document (CRD) to be published 3
  months after consultation
• above period can be amended
• if significant differences ED may decide to
  re-circulate
• if major objections from NAAs (for rules to be
  applied by Member States), ED shall consult AGNA

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The current European Pilot Training System

• The EASA Rulemaking Process
• Adoption and Publication
• ED will issue decision not earlier than 2 months
  after publication of CRD
• Rules explanatory memorandum to be published in
  Agencys Official publication

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Transition from JAR-FCL to Part FCL

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA extension of competences to Pilot Licensing
• FCL 001 Rulemaking Task
• Includes Implementing Rules on FCL
• NPA publication
• 1st quarter 2008
• NPA consultation
• 2nd quarter 2008
• Agency opinion to the European Commission
• End 2008
• Implementing Rules in place
• 1st quarter 2009
• Transition period, where applicable
• Max. 2012

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA Part FCL and related Parts

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA Part FCL and related Parts
• EASA Implementing Rules on
• Flight Crew Licensing
• Management System
• Authority Requirements
• Air Operations

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA Part FCL and related Parts
• How does JAR-FCL migrate into EASA implementing
  rules?
• FCL technical requirements related to the licence
  holders, instructors, examiners and medical
• IR - Flight Crew Licensing
• FCL tecnical requirements related to training
  organisations and FSTD technical requirements.
• IR - Management System
• FCL administrative requirements related all
  areas, e.g. FCL, Training Organisations, FSTD..
• IR Authority Requirements

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA Part FCL and related Parts
• How does JAR-FCL migrate into EASA implementing
  rules?
• JAR-FCL 1 Section 1
• EASA IR FCL
• JAR-FCL 1 Section 2
• AMCs and Guidance Material to EASA IR FCL
• FCL Joint Implementation Procedures
• EASA IR Authority Requirements and AMCs and
  Guidance Material

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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA Part FCL and related Parts

EASA Basic Regulation
Implementing Rules
Implementing Rules Flight Crew Licensing
Implementing Rules Management System
Implementing Rules Authority Requirements
Acceptable Means of Compliance Guidance Material
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The current European Pilot Training System

• EASA Part FCL and related Parts

Implementing Rules Flight Crew Licensing
Subpart A General Requirements Subpart B
Light Aircraft Pilot Licence LAPL Subpart C
Private Pilot Licence, Sailplane Pilot Licence
and Balloon Pilot Licence Subpart D
Commercial Pilot Licence - CPL Subpart E
Multi-Crew Pilot Licence MPL Subpart F
Airline Transport Pilot Licence ATPL Subpart
G Instrument Rating IR Subpart H Class and
Type Ratings Subpart I Instructor Ratings
Subpart J Examiners Authorisations
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The current European Pilot Training System

• Summary
• Many challenges at the same time
• Development of European harmonised FCL regulation
  is taking 20 years, but is still under
  development.
• FCL regulations from a national system to an EU /
  EASA system, with directly binding implementing
  rules.
• Use of new technology is constantly needed and
  requires dynamic rulemaking and implementation.
• The EASA system is paying special attention to
  General Aviation.
• Dialogue between regulators and stakeholders was,
  is and will continue to be of major importance.

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The current European Pilot Training System

• Thank you
• for your attention
• Contact details
• Luís Cardoso Ribeiro
• EASA
• Flight Crew Licensing Senior Officer
• Flight Standards Department
• Rulemaking Directorate
• luis.ribeiro_at_easa.europa.eu