The Challenges of Modernization

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The Challenges of Modernization

• The United States
• The Roots of Progressivism
• The Appeal of Progressivism
• Who Were the Progressives?
• Political Reform
• Social Tensions in an Age of Reform
• The Progressive Presidents
• Mexico
• The Restored Republic
• Liberty, Order, Progress
• Dictatorship, Disorder, Stagnation

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The Roots of Progressivism

• Industrial Revolution leads to suffering masses
  different approaches to solve emerge
• Communism
• Social Darwinism
• Progressivism
• Progressivism is U.S. response to communism.

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The Appeal of Progressivism

• Rational thought and action could combat
  corruption and inefficiency
• Monopolistic business practices were detrimental
  to the public good
• Individual excesses had to be curbed in favor of
  communal cooperation and social responsibility
• Progressivism vs. Socialism

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Who Were the Progressives?

• Women (Cult of Domesticity)
• Muckrakers
• Upton Sinclair
• The New Professions

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Political Reform

• Reforming the City (Bossism)
• Reforming the States
• Robert La Follette and the Wisconsin Idea
• Charles Evans Hughes and Woodrow Wilson
• Hiram Johnson
• Progressive Reforms
• Initiative people legislate
• Referendum people repeal laws passed by
  legislature
• Recall people recall elected officials

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Political Reform (cont.)

• 17th Amendment 1913 popular election of
  senators
• Womens Suffrage
• Controlling the Masses
• Prohibition
• Anti-Prostitution Laws
• Labor Reform
• Child Labor Laws
• 40 Hour Work Week

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Woman Suffrage by State (map)
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Social Tensions in an Age of Reform

• African American Activism
• W.E.B. DuBois vs. Booker T. Washington
• Radical Reformers (IWW)
• true socialists
• Feminism

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Progressive Presidents

• TR (1901-1908)
• Good and Bad Monopolies
• Hepburn Act
• Food and Drug Administration
• Conservationism
• 1904 TR vs. Wm Jennings Bryan
• Taft (1908-1912)
• 1908 Taft vs. Wm. Jennings Bryan
• Wilson (1912)
• 1912 Taft vs. Wilson vs. TR

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The Restored Republic

• The Restored Republic (1868-1876)
• Juarez and the liberals work hard to implement
  the Constitution of 1857
• 1871 Juarez reelected puts down revolt by
  Porfirio Díaz
• 1872 Juarez dies of a heart attack
• Lerdo defeats Díaz for Presidency
• 1876 Lerdo announces bid for reelection
• Díaz rebels, becomes President
• Díaz rules until 1910 with the exception of
  1880-1884 (Manuel González)

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Liberty, Order, Progress

• Positivism
• Auguste Comte
• Social Science
• Society can be managed scientifically
• Society must be managed by scientists
• Díaz cabinet made up of cientificos
• Liberty Order Progress
• By the end of the 19th century Mexico had made
  great strides toward integrating into the
  industrial economies with a façade of liberalism
• Mexicos problems uneven distribution of wealth,
  exclusion of powerful groups from politics,
  lingering resentment from reform efforts

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Dictatorship, Disorder, Stagnation

• Dictatorship
• Díaz rules from 1876 1910, routinely amending
  the constitution to allow his own reelection.
• Don Perpetuo
• Porfiriopoxtli
• Disorder
• The Flores-Magón brothers and Regeneración
• Labor unrest Cananea (1906) and Río Blanco
  (1907)
• Rurales unable to maintain order in the
  countryside
• Stagnation
• Massive material gains of Porfiriato benefit only
  the upper crust and foreigners
• Hacendados control agricultural lands and output
  while peasants starve

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Don Porfirio