TECHNOLOGY

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TECHNOLOGY
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When did Technology Begin

• Technological time line on pages 494 497
• People used fire for cooking meat and protection
  from wild animals
• Needles were made from splinters of bone
• The plow was developed in Egypt
• People found ways to make linen cloth, oil lamp,
  vehicles, irrigation and sewage systems
• They started using water wheel to grind grain
• Water wheel was also used in pumping water,
  making cloth, and smelting iron
• The kinds of tools used in different time
  classify historical periods

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When did Technology Begin

• Stone Age
• 1,000,000 BC 3000 BC
• Stone was used for many tools. Other materials
  used were bones and wood
• The earliest known canoe was made about 6500 BC
• Bronze Age
• 3000 BC 1200 BC
• People made tools and weapons from bronze, a
  mixture of copper and tin.
• Copper could be heated with charcoal to yield
  pure copper

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When did Technology Begin

• Iron Age
• Began around 1200 BC in Egypt
• Smelting --- the process of making iron from ore
• Iron smelting furnace was a clay-lined hole in
  the ground
• Red hot spongy mass was hammered into shape

Fe
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Industrial Revolution

• Industrial revolution and the factory system of
  work spread through the Western world in around
  1750 AD
• Before then, craftspeople used their own tools
  and workshops to make things ---- they started
  working in factories
• Products could be made faster and cheaper with
  machines
• Richard Arkwright is the inventor of the factory
  system
• His first manufacturing system changed raw cotton
  into thread
• Henry Ford is the father of mass production and
  first used assembly line on a large scale

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Changes Caused by Industrial Revolution

• Industrial revolution brought both social and
  technological change.
• Trade unions
• Laws on working hours, wages, etc.
• Schools
• Patent laws
• Transportation
• Communication

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Exponential Change

• Exponential rate of change --- change that
  happens at a faster and faster rate
• Linear rate of change --- change that remains
  fixed
• Example of cassettes on page 16

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Exponential change
What is exponential change?
If you buy 2 books every month, how many books
you would have after 6 months?
2?612
If you buy 2 books in the first month, and you
double the amount of books you buy each next
month, have, how many books you would have after
6 months?
Amount you buy 2 4 8 16 32 - 64
Amount you have 2 6 14 30 62 - 126
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Technology Time Line
COMPUTERS
SPACE TRAVEL
TV
AIRPLANES
TELEPHONE
STEAM ENGIN
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
ELECTRICITY
NEWONS LAWS
AGRICULTURE BEGINS
PAPER MAKING
THE BRONZE AGE
Fire, Stone Tools
THE IRON AGE
1m BC
8000 BC
1200 BC
1281 A.D.
1800 A.D.
NOW
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Technological Eras

• Agricultural Era
• Most people lived off the land and were farmers
• Tools and discoveries had to do with harvesting
  crops
• They used muscle power to do jobs
• Industrial Era
• Began with industrial revolution
• Many new machines were invented
• Many people were employed in factories
• Machines replaced human and animal muscle power
  --- use of steam and electricity
• Information Age
• Inventions are based on electronics and computers

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Percentage of Work Force
Information Age
Industrial Era
100
Agricultural Era
50
1750
8000 B.C.
1900
2000
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Technological Literacy

• Technologically literate --- to understand how
  technology affects us, how processes work
• One can make decisions on the basis of this
  literacy Informed decisions vs. Blind decisions