Architectures for Manufacturing

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• Architectures for Manufacturing

Richard A. Wysk IE551 - Computer Control of
Manufacturing Systems
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Agenda

• Types of manufacturing architectures
• Architectural linkages
• Integration/hooks

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Introduction

• What is an Architecture?
• a style or method of design and construction
• a design or orderly arrangement perceived by
  man
• Why are architectures important?
• Relevant for CIM control

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Types of Architectures

• Different architectures in a manufacturing
• facility
• Physical
• Logical
• Organizational

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The Physical Layout

• Adjacency
• Floor space utilization
• Accessibility
• Flexibility

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Leonhard CIM Lab
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Integrated CIM Cell
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Unit D
Rotational Machining Workstation
Storage Workstation
Material Transport Cart
Part Inverter
Daewoo Puma Turning Center
IBM 7535
Material Transport Cart
Prismatic Machining Workstation
Buffer
Faunc M1-L
Material Transport Cart
Assembly Workstation
Material Transport Cart
Fanuc A0
Cartrac Unit Conveyor Transport System
IBM 7545
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Functional Architecture

• How tasks relate to each other
• Sales
• Marketing
• Order entry
• Production control
• Process planning
• Etc.

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Communication Architecture

• Linkages between entities that allow for
• the transmission of information
• Physical layer
• Protocols and packeting of information
• See Chapter 6 of Chang et al

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Information System Architecture

• Data repositiories
• Access method (DMA, TCP/IP, etc.)
• Assess protocol (SQL, ODBC, fixed read, etc.)
• Ownership/privilege

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Example
DHS - Data Handler Server DHC - Data Handler
Client
DHC
DHC
DHC
DHS
DHC
...
...
DHC
Controller
Database
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Control Architecture

• Considers all other architectures
• Organization architecture
• Responsibility
• Ownership
• Functions

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A Controller
Planning Scheduling
Execution
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An Equipment Controller
Equipment process plan (e.g. CAD file)
Data Handler
Equipment Controller
Convert
Device specific data (e.g. NC file, CL data, etc.)
Machine Controller
Individual spindle/joint activation commands
Physical Machine
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A Collection of Controllers
Shop
Wkstn
Resource Manager
Wkstn
Wkstn
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Control Architecture

• Hierarchical control (Master/Slave)
• Decomposition of functions into a tree structure
• Logical layers of control
• Heterarchical control
• Democracy at work
• Cooperative control
• Several specifications of both
• ICAM 7 layer hierarchy
• NIST hierarchy

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What do we need to know?

• Computer control
• Communications
• Functional control
• Information access and processing

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Where we go from here?

• Overview of architectures
• Functional architectures
• Information architectures
• Communication architectures
• RapidCIM
• Simulation-based Control
• Holonic Manufacturing

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Resources

• Hoberecht, W. C., Smith, J. S., and Joshi, S. B.,
  Architectures for factory control, AUTOFACT,
  Conference Proceedings, AUTOFACT'92 Conference
  Proceedings, Sep 10-12 1992, Detroit, MI, USA.,
  Sponsored by Society of Manufacturing Engineers
  Computer and Automated Systems Association of SME
  Publ by SME, Dearborn, MI, USA, p 13-27-39.
• Joshi, S. B., Mettala, E. G., Smith J. S., and
  Wysk, R. A., Formal models for control of
  flexible manufacturing cells physical and system
  model, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and
  Automation, v11, n4, Aug, 1995 IEEE, Piscataway,
  NJ, USA, p 558-570.
• Smith, J. S., Hoberecht, W. C., and Joshi, S. B.
  Shop-floor control architecture for
  computer-integrated manufacturing IIE
  Transactions (Institute of Industrial Engineers),
  v28, n10, Oct, 1996 Chapman Hall Ltd, London,
  U.K., p 783-794.