Bilbao: The Metropolitan Area

1
Bilbao The Metropolitan Area
2
Bilbao City Centre
3
Bilbao Zoning System
4
Bilbao Conclusions

• The existing level of sustainability cannot be
  maintained in the base scenario
• Most policies are not economically positive due
  to high user disbenefits
• a positive economic effect is found in 25 car
  operating costs policy
• Park and cordon pricing policies work efficiently
  against city sprawl

5
Bilbao Conclusions

• PT and Land Use policies have very little
  influence and negative economic effects
• Pricing policies produce the best environmental
  and social results

6
Bilbao Conclusions

• Car pricing policies reduce emissions of
  pollutants.

7
Bilbao Conclusions

• Increasing car operating costs more than 25 has
  a negative economic effect, as users disbenefits
  grow faster than government benefits

8
Bilbao Conclusions

• The combination of PT car pricing policies
  produce progressive cumulative effects
• revenues from car pricing balance the need of
  additional funds for PT policies
• environmentally and socially, the results are
  improved in the combination policy

9
Bilbao Conclusions

• Further improvements can be achieved by combining
  different car pricing policies (car operating
  costs, park and cordon pricing), mainly from the
  environmental and social point of view, but they
  may have a negative economic effect.