How the Brake System Works In a Car

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How the Brake System Works In a Car
ALSS 1000 C Term Project

• By Zishu Ndongko, Yusuf Hussain and Diana Szabo

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Research Questions

• What are the components of a brake system?
• 2.a) What kinds of forces are involved when
  brakes are applied in a normal circumstance?
• 2.b) When applied suddenly and forcefully?
• 3. How are fluids involved in the
  function of brakes?

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Components of a Brake System

• Master Cylinder
• Caliper
• Rotor and Brake Pads
• Disk Brakes and Drum Brakes

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Components of Brake System
www.familycar.com/brakes.htm
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Master Cylinder

• Located in front of driver
• Consists of a piston in a sealed bore
• Mechanical force input, hydraulic force
  output
• Failure and Problems Encountered

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Caliper

• Located at each wheel
• Similar to Master cylinder
• Hydraulic input force, mechanical output
  force

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Rotor and Brake Pads

• Rotor
• Located at each wheel
• Iron with highly machined surface
• Brake Pads and Brake Shoes
• Rubs against rotor
• Metal with high friction lining
• The difference

www.carmotorsports.com/brake_pads_rotors.htm
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Types of Brakes
www.familycar.com/brakes.htm
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Forces Generated by Brakes

• The Brake Pedal

http//www.teamscr.com/grmbrakes.htm
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Master Cylinder
r 0.45 Hydraulic Pressure Mechanical F
Area of Piston 360lbs ? (0.45) 2 558
psi
http//www.teamscr.com/grmbrakes.htm
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• Caliper

r 0.775 Mechanical Pressure Hydraulic P
Piston Area 558psi ?(0.775)2 2 2068
lbs Note 2 because there is two
output pistons
http//www.teamscr.com/grmbrakes.htm
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Brake Pad and Rotor

• Rotor output force
• clamp force
• coefficient of friction of brake pads
• Distance to centre of rotor

http//www.teamscr.com/grmbrakes.htm
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Applying Brakes Forcefully

• Forces
• Equilibrium
• Wheel Lock

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Forces Equilibrium

• A car in constant motion has forces that are
  balancing one another (equilibrium)
• Forceful application of brakes causes the forces
  to be out of balance
• 
  
  http//www.veta.se/y
  awstab.htm

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Consequences of Wheel Lock
http//www.veta.se/yawstab.htm
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Front Bias

• Increased front rotor diameter
• Increased front brake pad coefficient of
  friction
• Increased front caliper piston diameter

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Wheel Lockin a front bias car

• Imbalanced forces (rear wheels)

• Loads within car
• Poor front brake pad coefficient of friction
• Inadequate maintenance of system components

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Role of Fluids in Brake System
http//www.familycar.com/brakes.htm
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Pascals principle hydraulic lift
www.phy.cmich.edu/people/andy/Physics110/Book/Chap
ters/Chapter8.htm
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Role of Fluids in a Brake System

• Easily transfers force to each wheel
• No need for complicated system of rods and
  pulleys
• Essential to magnify force

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Conclusion

• Components of brake System
• Master cylinder
• Caliper
• Rotor and Brake Pads

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Conclusion

• Forces
• Mechanical force, hydraulic force, friction,
  torque
• Equilibrium
• Wheel lock
• Fluids
• Transfer forces
• Magnify forces