IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN

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IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN

• For Broadband Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks

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IEEE 802The LAN/MAN Standards Committee

• Wired
• 802.3 (Ethernet)
• 802.17 (Resilient Packet Ring)
• Wireless
• 802.11 Wireless LAN
• Local Area Networks
• 802.15 Wireless PAN
• Personal Area Networks inc. Bluetooth
• 802.16 WirelessMANTM
• Metropolitan Area Networks
• 802.20
• Vehicular Mobility (new)

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IEEE 802.16 Projects

• Air Interface (PHYs with common MAC)
• 802.16 10-66 GHz
• 802.16a 2-11 GHz
• Coexistence
• IEEE 802.16.2 (10-66 GHz)
• P802.16.2a amendment
• with 2-11 GHz licensed

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Properties of IEEE Standard 802.16

• Broad bandwidth
• Up to 134 Mbit/s in 28 MHz channel (in 10-66 GHz
  air interface)
• Supports multiple services simultaneously with
  full QoS
• Efficiently transport IPv4, IPv6, ATM, Ethernet,
  etc.
• Bandwidth on demand (frame by frame)
• MAC designed for efficient used of spectrum
• Comprehensive, modern, and extensible security
• Supports multiple frequency allocations from 2-66
  GHz
• ODFM and OFDMA for non-line-of-sight applications
• TDD and FDD
• Link adaptation Adaptive modulation and coding
• Subscriber by subscriber, burst by burst, uplink
  and downlink
• Point-to-multipoint topology, with mesh
  extensions
• Support for adaptive antennas and space-time
  coding
• Extensions to mobility are coming next.

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Point-to-MultipointWireless MAN not a LAN

• Base Station (BS) connected to public networks
• BS serves Subscriber Stations (SSs)
• SS typically serves a building (business or
  residence)
• provide SS with first-mile access to public
  networks
• Compared to a Wireless LAN
• Multimedia QoS, not only contention-based
• Many more users
• Much higher data rates
• Much longer distances

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Scope of 802 Standards
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PHY Considerations

• Line of Sight (because of 10-66 GHz)
• Negligible multi-path
• Broadband Channels
• Wide channels (20, 25, or 28 MHz)
• High capacity Downlink AND Uplink
• Multiple Access
• TDM/TDMA
• High rate burst modems
• Adaptive Burst Profiles on Uplink and Downlink
• Multiple duplex schemes
• Time-Division Duplex (TDD)
• Frequency-Division Duplex (FDD) including Burst
  FDD
• Support for Half-Duplex Terminals

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Adaptive Burst Profiles

• Burst profile
• Modulation and FEC
• Dynamically assigned according to link conditions
• Burst by burst, per subscriber station
• Trade-off capacity vs. robustness in real time
• Roughly doubled capacity for the same cell area
• Burst profile for downlink broadcast channel is
  well- known and robust
• Other burst profiles can be configured on the
  fly
• SS capabilities recognized at registration

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Framing Structure

• Frame length 1 ms
• Allocation process is done in terms of PSs
• PS Physical Slot 4 Modulation Symbols
• Depending on modulation, a PS contains 1, 2, or 3
  bytes

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MAC Requirements

• Provide Network Access
• Address the Wireless environment
• e.g., very efficient use of spectrum
• Broadband services
• Very high bit rates, downlink and uplink
• A range of QoS requirements
• Ethernet, IPv4, IPv6, ATM, ...
• Likelihood of terminal being shared
• Base Station may be heavily loaded
• Security
• Protocol-Independent Engine
• Convergence layers to ATM, IP, Ethernet, ...
• Support PHY alternatives
• Adaptive mod, TDD/FDD single-carrier,
  OFDM/OFDMA, etc

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802.16 MAC Overview

• Point-to-Multipoint
• Metropolitan Area Network
• Connection-oriented
• Supports difficult user environments
• High bandwidth, hundreds of users per channel
• Continuous and burst traffic
• Very efficient use of spectrum
• Protocol-Independent core (ATM, IP, Ethernet, )
• Balances between stability of contentionless and
  efficiency of contention-based operation
• Flexible QoS offerings
• CBR, rt -VBR, nrt-VBR, BE, with granularity
  within classes
• Supports multiple 802.16 PHYs

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Definitions

• Service Data Unit (SDU)
• Data units exchanged between adjacent layers
• Protocol Data Unit (PDU)
• Data units exchanged between peer entities
• Connection and Connection ID
• a unidirectional mapping between MAC peers over
  the airlink (uniquely identified by a CID)
• Service Flow and Service Flow ID
• a unidirectional flow of MAC PDUs on a connection
  that provides a particular QoS (uniquely
  identified by a SFID)

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MAC Addressing

• SS has 48-bit IEEE MAC Address
• BS has 48-bit Base Station ID
• Not a MAC address
• 24-bit operator indicator
• 16-bit Connection ID (CID)
• Used in MAC PDUs

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Possible Consideration

• QoS
• In GPC, if the amount of the connections are very
  high, then SS should request BW for each
  connection, which is resource consuming.
• In GPSS, SS should aggregate all the connections
  that are with different services, and request BW
  from BS.
• Scheduling problem?
• Mesh topology support