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Jean Watson A LIVING legend

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Title: Jean Watson A LIVING legend


1
Jean Watson- A LIVING legend -
  • By Andrew, Anne, Boots, Carolyn, Emily, Jasmine,
    Maddie,
  • Osh, and Tara

2
Centering Exercise
3
Educational Background
  • DEGREES EARNED
  •  
  • 1969-73 Ph.D. Educational Psychology and
    Counseling University of Colorado
  • 1969-70 Graduate study Social and Clinical
    Psychology University of Colorado,
  •  1964-66 M.S. psychiatric mental-health nursing
    Minor University of Colorado
  • psychology
  •  
  • 1962-64 B.S. nursing University of Colorado
  •  
  • 1958-61 R.N. diploma in nursing Lewis-Gale
    School of Nursing

4
Achievements
  • Jean Watson is a woman of many accomplishments
    thus far throughout her lifetime she has
    accomplished that of what many nurses dream of.
    Some of her accomplishments include
  • The International Kellogg Fellowship in
    Australia
  • The National League for Nursing chose Jean as the
    recipient for the Martha E. Rogers Award (1993)
  • New York University recognized her as a
    Distinguished Nurse Scholar (1999)
  • The Fetzer Institute honored her with the
    national Norman Cousins Award

5
Influences
  • Dr. Watson constructed her theory from the
    contribution of other nursing theorists
    including Madeleine Leininger, and also from the
    basic sciences and humanities
  • Interpersonal and transpersonal qualities of
    human behaviour
  • Theorists for mention who influenced Jean
    Watsons caring theory are Hans Selye, Richard
    Lazarus and Carl Rogers

6
Human Caring Theory
  • Caring is the most valuable attribute that
    nursing has to offer
  • Based on assumptions about the science of caring
    and presence of carative factors
  • Carative factors structural components of the
    science of caring

7
Caring Assumptions
  • Caring can be effectively demonstrated and
    practiced interpersonally
  • Caring consists of carative factors that can
    fulfill human needs
  • Effective caring promotes health and individual
    and family growth
  • Caring responses accept a person as is and looks
    beyond to what that person may become
  • A caring environment offers the development of
    potential while allowing a person to choose the
    best action at a given time

8
Caring Assumptions contd...
  • (6) Caring is as equally important as curing
  • (7) The practice of caring is central to nursing

9
Carative Factors
  • Forming a Humanistic-altruistic value system
  • Instilling faith-hope
  • Cultivating sensitivity to oneself and to others
  • Developing a helping-trust relationship
  • Promoting expression of positive and negative
    feelings

10
Carative Factors contd...
  • (6) Systematically using the scientific
    problem-solving method for decision making
  • (7) Promoting interpersonal teaching-learning
  • (8) Providing a supportive, protective, or
    corrective mental, physical, sociocultural, and
    spiritual environment
  • (9) Assisting with gratification of human needs
  • (10) Allowing for existentialphenomenological
    forces

11
  • Metaparadigms

12
Person
  • Caring in nursing conveys physical acts, but it
    embraces the mind/body/spirit as it reclaims the
    embodied spirit as its focus of attention.
    (Alligood Tomey, 2006)
  •   Watsons Theory of Caring showed a new way of
    looking at the person in health.
  • looks beyond the physical and even mental aspect
    of the person to the unknown.
  • The spirit and soul of the patient are very
    significant in her theory
  • terms used interchangeably in an effort to put a
    banner over this unknown realm.
  • Watson asks that the scientific view of the
    patient, which itself is important, must be put
    in its own place in the whole nursing process.
  • Nursing must embrace all the ways of healing and
    understanding for The soul to fully participate
    in healing (Alligood Tomey, 2006).

13
Person contd...
  • Nurses must use all their senses as well as being
    extrasensory (beyond the five senses).
  • In order to have access to the person, and
    ultimately their body, mind and soul, the nurse
    must look at the patient as a whole with a
    holistic approach.
  • Outlines what a person encapsulates and that if
    they are not being understood on all those levels
    than the nurse will not even have the ability to
    access to the physicality of the person, the
    body.
  • So the most basic of nursing care, the medical
    approach, will never work fully.
  • It is because people need each other in a
    caring, loving way (Alligood Tomey, 2006).
  • It is not a want for a person to have holistic
    care but a need, it is necessary for the person.

14
Environment
  • Society and all its influences
  • Affects behaviour and the goals someone would set
    for themselves
  • Looks at the cultural, social, and spiritual
    aspects

15
Health
  • view of health is similar to that of the WHO
    which defines health as a state of complete
    physical, mental, and social well-being.
  • Health is not merely seen as the absence of
    illness and disease.
  • also describes health as encompassing a high
    level of overall physical, mental and social
    functioning or in other words health is a general
    adaptive maintenance level of daily
    functioning coupled with the absence of illnesses
  • sees health as a subjective state within the mind
    of the individual, and that each and every person
    must define a personal state of health.

16
Health Contd...
  • Watson's value system that was created in regards
    to human care, has an emphasis on helping a
    person to gain more self-knowledge, self control,
    and readiness for self-healing, regardless of
    external health conditions. These are important
    prerequisites when it comes to health
    maintenance.
  • Her value system not only provides a framework
    for the requirements that are essential for a
    consistant health status, but the system is also
    blended with her 10 carative factors which are
    aimed at the caring process that helps the
    individual attain health.

17
Nursing
  • Looks at nursing as a person and as
    responses/behaviours
  • Nursing consists of
  • knowledge,
  • thought,
  • values,
  • philosophy,
  • Commitment
  • passion
  • Moral idea human care and caring
  • Consists of human-to-human attempts to protect,
    enhance, and preserve humanity by helping a
    person find meaning in illness, suffering, pain
    and existence

18
Nursing contd...
  • Goal of nursing
  • To help persons gain a higher degree of harmony
    within the mind, body and soul which generates
    self-knowledge, self-reverence, self-healing and
    self-care processes while allowing increasing
    diversity
  • Pursued through the human-to-human caring process
    and caring transactions
  •  
  • Role in society
  • Enhancement of dignity and the preservation of
    humanity

19
Case Study
  • 34 year old man
  • Married with two children
  • Dx of bowel cancer 18 months ago
  • Underwent bowel resection ? Clear margins
    achieved at time, no chemotherapy necessary
  • Presented 4 months later with another mass in
    abdomen causing bowel obstruction
  • Surgery to remove 90 of stomach, duodenum, part
    of small bowel, spleen, and kidney
  • Suffered 20 kg weight loss in past 2 months
  • Difficulty ingesting food/fluids orally
  • must regain nutritional status in order to
    continue with chemotherapy treatments
  • must decide on nutritional support to improve
    clients health status

20
Case Study Contd...
  • Major decision he has to make is
  • What type of nutritional support he needs, either
    oral, enteral, or parenteral
  • His primary concern is his nutritional health
    because if he cannot maintain his nutritional
    health then he cannot continue having
    chemotherapy treatments. He understands he
    cannot be cured but his wife does not work and he
    has two small children. He struggles with
    leaving his wife and children, and for those
    reasons, he feels he must continue to Fight this
    disease

21
Case Study Contd...
  • Watsons Theory
  • Watson believes it is the Body, mind, and
    spirit of the caregiver and the patient, that
    has the greatest impact on the outcome of care.
    Therefore, the theory states that the nurses
    care for the patient goes beyond human contact
    and focuses on the soul of the patient.
  • Watsons theory of caring insists that a holistic
    approach, including the social history of the
    patient, be considered, as it allows the
    interviewer to understand a more complete
    approach to the patients care. The environment
    in which DL lives as well as his habits within
    that environment, help to provide a more complete
    and potentially more successful plan of care.
    Meal preparation time, for instance, is an
    important consideration for someone who is weak
    and in poor health. DL may feel well enough to
    prepare food, but too weak to eat it because of
    the energy expended in preparation. Because of
    his inability to work and resulting financial
    burden, his food choices may be limited.

22
Case Study Contd...
  • Watson caring theory believes that understanding
    the patients goal of care is important. The DL
    is not disease free, he cannot take anything
    orally without difficulty, he is in pain, he has
    a family with small children, and he does not
    want to die.
  • A holistic approach to the DLs care includes the
    nurse taking a deeper appreciation for the
    patients definition of life, the quality of his
    life, and the things actions and events that make
    his life important. For example if it is the DLs
    main goal to maintain his quality of life and
    then to enhance the length of his life, then he
    will have to look at how it will affect his
    activities, family, and to what end it will
    affect the course of his therapy and his life.

23
Case Study Contd...
  • For the nurse to follow Watsons holistic
    approach she must trust and support the patients
    decision no matter what they decide. This is the
    helping-trust relationship between the nurse and
    the patient. In addition, Watson believes that
    without spiritual healing physical healing is
    difficult to achieve.
  • Based on the information the DL will be able to
    make decision reflecting his values and belief
    system. This is an example of Watsons theory
    because it is evidenced-based decisions
    reflective on the patients and nurses commitment
    to holistic care.

24
Conclusion
  • Jean Watson, a woman with an extensive list
    of accomplishments, from academic
    achievements and teaching, to becoming the
    founder of the original Center for Human Caring,
    and publishing several books. Her knowledge in
    psychology and counselling as well as in mental
    health nursing and loss, has opened the doors to
    countless nursing theories that have shaped the
    face of nursing and will continue to do so in the
    years to come as she continues her studies. As
    individuals in the nursing program, we can
    learn numerous strategies that will be useful not
    only in our postsecondary education but
    throughout our future career as nurses ourselves.
     

25
References
  • Alligood, M. R., Tomey, A. M. (2006). Nursing
    theory Utilization and application (3rd ed.).
    St. Louis, MO Mosby
  • Information Resources for Nurses Worldwide.
    (2008, October 04). Nurses for Nurses Everywhere
    Info. Retrieved October 24, 2008 from
    http//www.nurses.info/nursing_theory_person_watso
    n_jean.htm
  • Masters, K. (2005). Framework for Professional
    Nursing Practice. Retrieved October 30, 2008,
    from Google Book Search http//books.google.ca/bo
    oks?idTKLTbsVVmEECpgPA38lpgPA38dqCarativeF
    actorsdescribedsourcewebotsmqJ-
  •  
  • n.a. (2008). Jean Watsons philosophy of nursing.
    Retrieved October 14, 2008, from
    http//currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/Watson.ht
    m

26
References Contd...
  • Tomey, A. M., Alligood, M. R. (2006). Nursing
    theorists and their work (6th ed.). St. Louis MO
    Mosby.
  • Watson, Jean. (1999). Nursing Human Science and
    Human Care A Theory of Nursing. Sudbury,
    Massachusetts Jones and Bartlett Publishers
  • Watson, Jean. (1985). The 10 Carative Factors.
    Retrieved October 31, from,
  • http//www.angelfire.com/bc3/nursinginquir
    y/carative.htm. 
  • Wesley, Ruby, L. (1994). Nursing Theories and
    Models Second Edition.
  •   Springhouse, Pennsylvania Springhouse
    Corporation.

27
References Contd...
  • W.K Kellogg Foundation. Grantseeking. Retreived
    October 24, 2008, from
  • http//www.wkkf.org/default.aspx?tabid63ItemID6
    NID41LanguageID0
  • Xavier. (2007, November 02). AuthorStream. Jean
    Watson. Retrieved October 15, 2008, from
    http//www.authorstream.com/Presentation/Xavier-24
    871-Jean-Watson-Education-Employment-Achievements-
    Caritas-Process-Overview-Caring-Theory
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