Programming Languages

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Programming Languages
?.????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????
3503500 ??? 715E-mail pattamaporn.p_at_bu.ac.thHom
epage http//tulip.bu.ac.th/pattamaporn.p/
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What is a Computer Program?

• ?????????????????? (Instructions-codes)
  ???????????????????? CPU ?????????????????????????
  ? (Control Flow)
• Variables (??????) ?????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????? A 2 5
• Algorithms ?????????????????????????????
  ????????????? ??????? ???????

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- Function ??????????? algorithm
?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????? ???? Sqrt(4) -gt 2 - Subroutines,
Procedures, routines ??????????? algorithm
?????????????????????????? ????????? Subroutines
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????? DO_REPORT()
???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
????? ????????????????????????? ????? (Reuse)
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Two approaches to Programming

• Structured Programming ??????????????????????????
  ?????????????? top-down design ???????????????????
  ????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????
• Object-oriented Programming ?????????????????????
  ??????????????? ?????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????

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Structure Programming (1960)
???????????????????????? 3 ????????????????
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Object-oriented Programming

• ????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????
• ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????????? object
  Data(Properties) Function (Method)
  Encapsulate()
• Class ??????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????
• Instance ??????????????????????????????????
  ????????????? Class

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Object-oriented Programming

• ????? (Object) ??????????1. Attributes
  ?????????????????
• 2. Functions ?????????????????
• 3. Encapsulates ?????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? (Property
  Method)

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Instance
Class
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Inheritance ??????????? class ?????????????
Class ????????????? ??????????????????????? class
????????????????????? class ????????????
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• ???????????????????????????????????The Evolution
  of Programming Languages
• ???????????? 1 Machine Language
• ??????????????????? ??????? ???? ??????
  (A A 6) ??? 10010010 ???????

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???????????????????????????????????

• ???????????? 2 Assembly Language
• ?????????????????????? ???????
  ?????????????????????????????? ???? add ax,6
  ??????? 10010010 (AX AX 6)

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???????????????????????????????????

• ???????????? 3 Higher-level Language
• ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
  ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ???????
  ?????????

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???????????????????????????????????

• 1. Fortran (Formula Translator)
  ??????????????????????????? ???????????????
  Mainframe
• 2. COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language)
  ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????,
  ??????
• 3. BASIC (Beginner All-purpose Symbolic
  Instruction code) ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????

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???????????????????????????????????

• 4. Pascal ?????????????????????????????
  ??????????????
• 5. C ??????????? portable ????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????? PC, Mainframe,
  Mini
• 6. C ???? OOP ??????????? C
• 7. Java ???? OOP ??????????? C
  ?????????????????????????????????
• 8. C ???? OOP ??????????? C
  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????

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???????????? 4

• ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????? ???????
  ???????????????
• 1. Visual Basic
• 2. SQL Select from customer where nameJohn

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???????????? 5

• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????? (Voice recognition)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ? (Artificial Intelligence), Expert System

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?????? (Flow chart) ???????????????????????????
????????????????????????????? ????????????????????
?????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
????????? ????????????????????????????????? ANSI
??????????????????????????????????????? (Top-down
design) ????????????????, ?????????
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?????? (Flow chart)

• ??????????????????

?????????? N ????? M
MOVE N TO M
PAYHOURS5
?? 5 ??? HOURS ????????????????? PAY
????????? M ????????? 0
M 0
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?????? (Flow chart)

• ?????????????-????????????

???????????????????
Read sale-file
??????????????????????
Write Print-Record
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?????? (Flow chart)
??????????????????????????
PayHours5
PayHours5
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?????? (Flow chart)
????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
??????? ????????????
??????????????????? ????????????????????????
A
B
??????????????????? ???????????????
2
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?????? (Flow chart)
????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????
START
?????????????????????????
STOP
?????????????????????????????????????
Write-Heading
???????????????????????????????????????
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??????????????? 1. ?????????????????????
?????????????????? 2. ?????????????
????????????????? 3. ??????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????
??? 4. ???????????? ?????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????? 5.
??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????? ????????????????????????
?? (????????????? Flow Chart)
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????????????????????????????????

• ?????????.?. ?????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? (Development of Information
  System)

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??????????? 1 ????????????????????????

• 1. ????????????????????? ??????? 22/7RR
• 2. ????????????? The area of circle is xxxx
• 3. ?????????? ?????
• 4. ???????????? Area ???????, R ?????

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• 5. ???????????????

5.1) ????????? R
5.2) ???????? Area 22/7RR
5.3) ????? The area of circle is , Area
5.4) ??????????
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• 5. ??????????????? (?????????????????? R lt 0)

5.1) ????????? R
5.2) ??? R lt 0 ???????????????????? _____
??? R gt 0 ???????????????????? _____
5.3) ???????? Area 22/7RR
5.4) ????? The area of circle is , Area
5.5) ??????????????? _____
5.6) ??????????
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??????????? 2 ?????????????????????????

• 1. ????????????????????? ?????? ??????
  ??????????????? ???????????? lt 40,
  ?????????????150??? ???????????? gt 40,
  ?????????????????? 1.5 ????
• 2. ????????????? Your have xxxx bath
• 3. ?????????? ????????????
• 4. ???????????? Pay ??????, Hours ????????????

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• 5. ???????????????

5.1) ????????? Hours
5.2) ??? Hours lt 40, Pay Hours 150 ??? Hours
gt 40, Pay (40150) (Hours -40)1501.5
5.3) ????? Your have , pay , bath
5.4) ??????????
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• 5. ??????????????? (?????????????????? Hours lt 0)

5.1) ????????? ????????????
5.2) ??? Hours lt 0 ???????????????????? _____
??? Hours gt 0 ???????????????????? _____
5.3) ??? Hours lt 40, Pay Hours 150 ??? Hours
gt 40, Hours (40150) (Hours -40)1501.5
5.4) ????? Your have , pay , bath
5.5) ??????????????? ______
5.6) ??????????
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??????????? 3 ????.?. 2 ????????????????????????
??????????????????????? ?????????????????????
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??????????? 4 ?????????????????????? CS201

• 1. ????????????????????? 1.1) ???? ????????
  ????? ??? ????? ???????????????????????????
  ????? gt 80 ???? A ??? ????? gt 70 ???? B ???
  ????? gt 60 ???? C ??? ????? gt 50 ???? D ???
  ????? gt 0 ???? F

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• 2. ????????????? Name your grade is x
• 3. ?????????? ????, ??????????,???????,???????
• 4. ???????????? Grade ????, Total ?????Mid
  ??????????,Final ???????Test???????, Name
  ????

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• 5. ???????????????

5.1) ????????? Name, Mid, Final, Test
5.2) ???????? Total Mid Final Test
5.2) ??? Total gt 80 , Grade A ??? Total gt
70 , Grade B ??? Total gt 60 , Grade C
??? Total gt 50 , Grade D ??? Total gt 0 ,
Grade F
5.3) ????? Name, your grade is , Grade
5.4) ??????????
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• 5. ??????????????? (?????????????????? Mid lt 0)

5.1) ????????? Name, Mid, Final, Test
5.2) ??? Mid lt0 ????????????????? _____ ??? Mid
gt0 ????????????????? _____
5.3) ???????? Total Mid Final Test
5.4) ??? Total gt 80 , Grade A ??? Total gt
70 , Grade B ??? Total gt 60 , Grade C
??? Total gt 50 , Grade D ??? Total gt 0 ,
Grade F
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5.5) ????? Name, your grade is , Grade
5.7) ??????????????? ____
5.6) ??????????
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Ex 1
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Ex 2
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Ex 3
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Ex 4.1
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Ex 4.2
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??????????????????????????

• 1.??????????????? (Program Analysis)
• 2.??????????????????????? (Program Design)
• 3.??????????????? (Program Coding)
• 4.??????????????????????? (Program Testing
  Verification)
• 5.?????????????? ?????????????????
  (Documentation Maintenance)

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??????????????? (Program Analysis)

• ??????????????????? (Whats a client want?)
• ?????????????????? (Output)
• ??????????????? (Input)
• ???????????????????????? (Variables)

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???????????????????????(Program Design)

• ??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????? (Input)
  ????????? (Output) ???????????????? (Storing)
  ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????
  ?????? (Process)
• ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????? (Flowchart)

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???????????????????????????(Process Description)

• Pseudo Code ??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????????????????????
• Flow Chart ??????????????????????????????
  ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????
  ???

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Pseudo Code (Example)

• Accept Input Data into the system
• Store the Input Data
• Calculate the Data
• Display the Outcome on the screen

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Flow Chart

• Start/Stop a program
• Process ??????????????????
• Decision -?????/????????/????????

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Flow Chart (???)

• Input/Output-??????/??????????
• Onpage Connector-?????????????????????????????????
  (??????????????????????????)

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Flow Chart (???)

• Offpage Connector-?????????????????????????????
  (????????????????????????????????)
• Direction-??????

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??????????????? (Program Coding)

• ???????????????????
• ????????????????? ?????????????????????????
  (????????) ?????????????????? ????????????????????
  ??????????? ???????????????????????????????

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??????????????????????? (Program Testing
Verification)

• ???????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????????????????

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??????????? (Errors)

• Syntax Error ?????????????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????? ???? Writeln( ) ????
  Writeline( )
• Logic Error ??????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????????????????????? (????????????????????
  )
• System Design Error ??????????????????????????????
  ?????????????????????????????????????????

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??????????????????????????????

• Desk-Checking ????????????????????????????????????
  ?? ????????????????????????????
  Structured-Walkthrough
• Translating ??????????????????????????????????????
  ?????????????? (Translator) ???????????

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?????????????????????????????? (???)

• Debugging ??????????????????????????
  ???????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????
  ?????? ?????????????????? Logic Errors
  ????????????????????????????????????????????
  System Design Errors ???

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?????????????? ?????????????????(Documentation
Maintenance)

• ???????????????? ????????????????????/ ???????
  ??????
• ???????????????????????????????????
• System Manual --gt ??????????????????/
  ???????
• ?????????????????????????? / ???????
• User Manual --gt ???????????????? /
  ???????

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?????????????? ?????????????????(Documentation
Maintenance) (???)

• ??????????????????????????????????
• ??????????????? ?????????????????????? (Online
  Manual)