Title: Sociology 336F Immigration and Race Relations in Canada Session 9 Assimilation: Segmented November 1
1Sociology 336FImmigration and Race Relations in
CanadaSession 9Assimilation
Segmented?November 14, 2005
- Jeffrey G. Reitz
- Department of Sociology
- Ethnic, Immigration and Pluralism Studies
- Munk Centre for International Studies
- University of Toronto
2Remaining sessions
- Segmented Assimilation Today
- Trans-nationalism Nov . 21
- Racial conflict Nov. 28 paper due, exam
distributed - Multiculturalism and race, a debate Dec. 5
exam due
3Agenda
- Second Generation
- Concept of segmented assimilation and the 2nd
generation - U.S. context
- Canadian applicability Segmented assimilation in
Canada? - Comparative analysis of 2nd generation
- Social cohesion in 2nd generation
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6Findings
- Early Childhood Healthy Immigrant
- Education Varying Attainment
- Labour Market
7Concept of segmented assimilation
- Alejandro Portes and Min Zhou. 1993. The New
Second Generation Segmented Assimilation and its
Variants - Annals of the American Academy of Political and
Social Sciences 530 (November) 74-96. - Alternative destinations or segments for West
Indian immigrants - African-American community
- West Indian community
- White society
- Implications mobility, identity
- What is mainstream in a multi-ethnic society?
8U.S. context
- West Indian blacks and U.S. society
- Relation between West Indian and African-American
blacks - Competition?
- Collaboration?
- Mary Waters, et al.
- Identities
- Mobility and discrimination
9Canadian applicability?
- Implications of difference in racial composition
of native-born population - Monica Boyd Education attainment of 2nd
generation - Debate occupational mobility and discrimination
in 2nd generation
10Two analyses of 1996 census( earnings
disadvantage of native-born racial minority men)
- Varying results from same data source
- Most groups negative
- Blacks most negative
- Small sample sizes
11Comparative analysis of blacks and Chinese
- Urban concentrations
- Urban comparisons of educational attainments
- Urban comparisons of earnings
- Segmentation by class and urban area
12Educational attainment of the second generation
United States Canada
Source US CPS 1995-2001, Canada 1996 census
13Educational attainment levels
14Educational attainments within levels
15Educational attainment of the Black second
generation nationally and in immigration
citiesNational UrbanUS Canada US Canada
Source US CPS 1995-2001, Canada 1996 census
16Educational attainment of Chinese second
generation nationally and in immigration
citiesNational UrbanUS Canada US Canada
Source US CPS 1995-2001, Canada 1996 census
17Findings
- High educational attainment for 2nd generation
- Somewhat higher for Chinese
- Educational attainment for 2nd generation higher
in U.S. than in Canada, same ethnic difference - Does not support segmented assimilation
- Shows impact of urban concentration
- Suggests lack of social class impact
18Indicators of Social Integration(Ethnic
Diversity Survey)
- Canadian identity
- Citizenship
- Voting
- Sense of belonging
- Trust in people
- Life satisfaction
- Volunteer activities
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26Visible minorities less rapid integration
- Most indicators
- Particularly Canadian identity and voting
- All visible minorities affected
- Some group variations
- Second generation most affected
- All visible minorities more negative on all
indicators
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28Conclusions
- Economic integration does not guarantee social
integration - Particularly for second generation
- Racial discrimination has significant social
impact - despite uncertainties over its extent
- Policies for diversity must address inequality
- Many sectors affect perceptions of racial
discrimination
29Issues
- To what do immigrants assimilate? Is the concept
of assimilation meaningful? - How does segmented assimilation affect the social
impact of immigration? - Can segmented assimilation be changed?