Title: Types of Pumps and Components
1Types of Pumps and Components
Unit 1B
Objectives
1. Discuss the operation of centrifugal pumps. 2.
Compare the advantages and disadvantages of
positive and non- positive displacement pumps. 3.
Discuss ejectors and the principles that cause
them to work. 4. Discuss exhaust primers. 5.
Discuss multi-pump operations- Series/volume. 6.
Discuss valve types and applications. 7. Discuss
principles, causes, effects, detection, and cures
of cavitation.
2Portable 4-Stage High Pressure Fire Pump
3Portable Pump- Major Components
- Power Head or Motor (Three Basic Types)
- Pump and Pump Drive
4Portable 4-Stage High Pressure Fire Pump
5Power Head/Motor Types
- Gasoline- 4 Stroke
- Gasoline- 2 Stroke (Mixed Fuel)
- Diesel
- Others ? Any Volunteers?
6Pump Head Types
- Centrifugal
- Positive Displacement
- Piston Pumps
- Rotary (gear/vane)
- Diaphragm
7Centrifugal Pumps
- Are the most commonly used type in wildland fire
management. - Use centrifugal force created by a spinning
impeller.
8Centrifugal Force
An apparent force tending to pull a thing outward
when it is rotating around a center.
9Centrifugal Pumps (Non Positive Displacement)
?
Centrifugal pumps operate on the law of physics
that a body rapidly revolving about its axis
creates a force directed outward form its axis of
rotation, and proportional to the speed with
which it revolves.
10Centrifugal Fire Pump
11Water flow- Centrifugal Pump
12Drafting Water
13Centrifugal Pumps
- Advantages
- Water does not need to be clean.
- Less maintenance costs (less prone to damage).
- Nozzle can be shut off while pump is running (for
a short period). - Pump can be started with head pressure.
- A pressure relief valve in not required.
14Centrifugal Pump
- Disadvantages
- Requires priming (to remove air from the system).
- Cannot Draft as high as a PD pump.
- Requires a foot valve (Why?).
15Positive Displacement
Positive displacement pumps move a definite
quantity of liquid or gas for each complete cycle
of its stroke, travel, rotation, or turn.
16Piston Pumps
The higher pressure inside the pump causes the
discharge valve to open, allowing air to escape
through the discharge lines.
The partial vacuum created as the piston begins
the return stroke causes the intake valve to
open. This allows air from the suction hose to
enter the pump.
Once all the air has been evacuated, only water
is pushed through the pump.
17Piston Pump
18Rotary Pumps
The basic design of a rotary gear pump.
A typical rotary vane pump design.
19Rotary Pump
Gear
Vane
20Positive Displacement Pumps
- Advantages
- Does not require priming (pumps air).
- Will draft water higher than a CP (Approx. 20).
- Does not require a foot valve on the draft line
21Positive Displacement Pumps
- Disadvantages
- Water must be very clean (free from sand, grit
and organic debris). - Pump must be shut down befor nozzle is turned of
(unless a pressure release system is installed). - Pump cannot be started with head pressure.
- Easy to break - hard and expensive to
repair. (do unit test 1,A here)
22Parallel-Series 2 Stage Centrifugal Pump
23Series Pumping
24Parallel Pumping
25Wildfire B-2 Pump End
26High Pressure 4-Stage Pump End
27Centrifugal Pump Ends
28Parallel-Series Centrifugal Pumping
29Bernoullis Principle
?
?
(Venturi Effect)
An increase in the speed of a fluid produces a
decrease in pressure. A decrease in speed
produces an increase in pressure.
30Venturi Effect
31Induction
Foam is inducted into a fire stream using the
pressure differential created in a venturi
metering device.
32Fire Hose Connections
Gated Wye
Siamese
33