Internet%20Map%20Servers%20(%20Web%20GIS%20)

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Internet Map Servers( Web GIS )

• Longley et al., 7.5 (1/e) or 11 (2/e)

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Paper Map Publishing
User Request
Data Gathering
Data Formatting
Data Processing
Map Formatting
Map Production
User Response
Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Web Map Publishing
Web User Request
Web Services
Map Formatting
Static Data Storage
Map Production
Web User Response
Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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From Desktop to Server

• ArcIMS (Internet Map Server)
• web mapping web GIS
• ArcWeb - customized web GIS services
• ESRI Image Server
• ArcSDE - database storage (IBM, Oracle, Informix,
  Microsoft SQL Server)
• ArcGIS Server - distributed GIS
• ESRI Tracking Server

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Internet Map Server

• no data or software are transmitted
• only answers to queries (based on geocoding)

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maps.google.com
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nationalgeographic.com/mapmachine
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Map Server yes, but Web GIS also
www.coastalatlas.net

• answers to queries in map form, coupled with
• data to download
• simple analysis

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ArcIMS Architecture
(ESRI 2002b)
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ArcIMS Components

• Client-side components
• ArcIMS HTML Viewer
• ArcIMS Java Viewer
• Metadata Explorer

• Server-side components
• ArcIMS Spatial Server
• ArcIMS Application Server
• ArcIMS Connectors
• Web Server

Slide courtesy of Kuuipo Walsh, OSU INR
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Virtual Research Vessel scallywag.science.oregons
tate.edu/website/epr_html/viewer.htm
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COMCIscallywag.science.oregonstate.edu/website/co
mci/viewer.htm
Virtual Oregon (Metadata Explorer)digitalcollecti
ons.library.oregonstate.edu/virtualoregon/
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Distributed Servers/Clients

• What if the parts of a map come from different
  servers?
• GlobeXplorer -www.globexplorer.com
• map from MapQuest
• image from archive

• ArcMap in ArcGIS 9.x
• Data from Geography Network
• Mapping analysis from YOU in ArcGIS

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New Geospatial Worlds

• Customized apps in Desktop World
• AML in the old Arc/Info
• Avenue in ArcView 3.x
• MDL in Intergraph
• Couple all these with data
• Purchase db, write customized code to geocode,
  get coordinate, put symbol on map
• Web World is different
• Embed call to web service
• Send address in XML (Extensible Markup Language)
  or SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
• Web service itself returns location

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Applications Unlimited

• Bridges apps on desktop, server, web, etc.
  (ArcWeb)
• .NET - a Microsoft programming environment
• Closely coupled to MS server family
• MS back-office
• OS Windows
• Env Common Language Runtime (CLR)
• Dbs/Web ADO.NET, ASP.NET
• Languages Visual Basic, C, C,

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J2EE

• J2EE - Suns Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition
• More interoperable, works w/ many different
  databases, toolkits
• OS Windows, Solaris, Linux, OS X, others
• Env Java Virtual Machine (JVM)
• Dbs/Web SWING, Enterprise Java Beans, Java
  Server Pages, JDBC
• Languages Java, C, C

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So What About Open Source?

• Four basic freedoms (The Free Software
  Foundation)
• The freedom to run the program, for any purpose.
• The freedom to study how the program works, and
  adapt it to your needs. Access to the source code
  is a precondition for this.
• The freedom to redistribute copies so you can
  help your neighbor.
• The freedom to improve the program, and release
  your improvements to the public, so that the
  whole community benefits. Access to the source
  code is a precondition.

Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Open Source GIS - Server Tools
mapserver.gis.umn.edu
postgis.refractions.net/
R-Statistics
www.r-project.org
grass.itc.it
GDAL/OGR (raster translator)
gdal.maptools.org
www.geotools.org
Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Open Source GIS Server Tools

• Pros
• Software is free, total cost is NOT free
• Wider variety of platforms supported (UNIX,
  Linux, Windows, Mac OS)
• Easier installation
• Often very fast and efficient for the job
• Many formats supported
• Cons
• Less out-of-the-box functionality (e.g., metadata
  publishing)
• Lots of customized programming needed
• Linking server tools together is often hard
• Ability to integrate into proprietary systems is
  limited (i.e. can not link PostGIS database to
  ArcMap)

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Web GIS with Decision Support
Web User Request
Web Services
Data Gathering
Data Formatting
Data Processing
Static Data Storage
Map Formatting
Map Production
Web User Response
Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Web GIS with Decision Support
Web User Request
Web Services
Data Gathering
Data Formatting
Data Processing
Static Data Storage
Map Formatting
Map Production
Web User Response
The Problem Is The Arrows!
Graphics courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Ecotrust Approach
QGIS/GRASS GIS
Web-Based Mapserver
Fully Integrated Open-Source GIS
UMN Mapserver Making data accessible via the
web. Geo-spatial server viewed through a web
browser. Taking our vision to a growing audience.
QGIS/GRASS GIS Fully functional server GIS
doing the heavy lifting. Runs on the server
located at Ecotrust.
Adding the analytical glue to make smart
decisions based upon sound GIS analysis.
Making GIS analysis accessible and affordable for
Salmon Nation
R-Statistics
Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Ecotrust Example - OCEAN www.ecotrust.org/knowled
gesystems/ocean.html
R-Statistics
Chameleon (client user interface)
Mapserver
GDAL to pre-process data PostGIS to store vector
data layers
Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Ecotrust Example - OCEAN www.ecotrust.org/knowled
gesystems/ocean.html
QGIS/GRASS - Desktop
Slide courtesy of Aaron Racicot, Ecotrust
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Gateway to the Literature

• Kolodziej, K., OGC's WMS Cookbook Recipes for
  web mapping, Geospatial Solutions, 13 (10),
  42-44, 2003.
• Lehto, L., and L.T. Sarjakoski, Real-time
  generalization of XML-encoded spatial data for
  the Web and mobile devices, Int. J. Geog. Inf.
  Sci., 19 (8-9), 957-973, 2005.
• Liang, S.H.L., A. Croitoru, and C.V. Tao, A
  distributed geospatial infrastructure for Sensor
  Web, Comp. Geosci, 31 (2), 221-231, 2005.
• Lowe, J.W., Bone rooms, bird bodies, and
  biodiversity informatics, Geospatial Solutions,
  14 (4), 40-45, 2004.
• Scholz, A. Mertens, M., and Steinback, C., The
  OCEAN Framework-Modeling the linkages between
  marine ecology, fishing economy, and coastal
  communities, in Wright, D.J. and Scholz, A.J.,
  Place Matters Geospatial Tools for Marine
  Science, Conservation, and Management in the
  Pacific Northwest, Corvallis, OSU Press, 70-90,
  2005. And www.ecotrust.org/placematters
• Yang, B., A multi-resolution model of vector map
  data for rapid transmission over the Internet,
  Comp. Geosci, 31, 569-578, 2005.
• Yang, C., D.W. Wong, R. Yang, M. Kafatos, and Q.
  Li, Performance-improving techniques in web-based
  GIS, Int. J. Geog. Inf. Sci., 19 (3), 319-342,
  2005.
• Zhang, L., C. Yang, D. Liu, Y. Ren, and X. Rui, A
  web-mapping system for real-time visualization of
  the global terrain, Comp. Geosci, 31, 343-352,
  2005.
• Zhao, H., and B. Shneiderman, Colour-coded
  pixel-based highly interactive Web mapping for
  georeferenced data exploration, Int. J. Geog.
  Inf. Sci., 19 (4), 413-428, 2005.

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