The Future IP

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The Future IP
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Why?

• IPv4 has been extremely successful
• Has dealt with heterogeneity, new hardware
  technologies, huge scaling
• Has limited address space
• Running out of addresses and network numbers

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Why Continued

• New applications
• Voice and video need low jitter
• Must avoid changing routes often voice/video
  datagrams for the same call need to follow the
  same routing path
• QoS more important

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IPv6

• Was IPng but then got version number 5 was
  used! So its IPv6!
• Similar to IPv4
• Connectionless
• Each datagram routed independently
• Hop count, etc.

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New Features

• Address size 128 bits 16 0ctets!
• Header format different
• Uses multiple headers base header plus
  extension headers (not one fixed header like v4)
• Support for voice and video via flows
• Use of router path establishment (connection)
• Once router path set up, use flow number
• More extensible

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Header Differences

• Smaller base header than IPv4 but can have any
  number of added extension headers before payload.
• Multiple headers each tells its length and type
  of next header (could be payload)
• Many extension header types (Route, Options,
  etc.)
• Ext headers tell their own length and type of
  next header
• Length in base header is only payload (payload
  length)
• Hop Limit same as TTL
• Use of traffic class and flow label for path
  usage connection like

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Extensions
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Extension Header
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Fragmentation

• Sending host responsible for fragmenting
• Routers do not fragment
• Sending host must find smallest MTU of path
• Path MTU discovery
• Send smaller and smaller datagram until no error
  message

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Multiple Headers

• Less overhead
• IPv4 has, e.g., fragment information even if
  datagram not fragmented wasteful
• Extensible can add new features by adding new
  header types
• Can also experiment with new headers without
  affecting all of IPv6

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Addressing

• Network/host boundary anywhere
• Has more than two levels of hierarchy
• ISP gt Organization gt Site gt etc.
• Types
• Unicast
• Multicast
• Anycast providing cluster servers
• Send datagram to one of a set
• Allows for the replication of servers

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Addresses

• Dotted decimal
• 105.220.136.100.255.255.255.255.0.0.18.128.140.10.
  255.255
• Hex
• 69DC8864FFFFFFFF012808C0AFFFF
• Zero compression
• FF0C000000B1 ? FF0CB1