Exploring American History Unit VII- The Beginning of Modern America Chapter 23 Section 4 Establishing Peace

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Exploring American History Unit VII- The
Beginning of Modern AmericaChapter 23 Section
4Establishing Peace
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Establishing Peace

• The Big Idea
• The United States and the victorious Allied
  Powers clashed over postwar plans.
• Main Ideas
• The costs of war included millions of human lives
  as well as financial burdens.
• President Woodrow Wilson and European leaders met
  to work out a peace agreement.
• The U.S. Senate rejected the Treaty of Versailles.

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Main Idea 1The costs of war included millions
of human lives as well as financial burdens.

• Casualties
• Allied 5 million soldiers dead
• Central Powers 3.5 million soldiers dead
• Russia and Germany had the highest death tolls.

• Financial Losses
• 30 billion in property destroyed
• Allies 145 billion spent
• Central Powers 63 billion spent
• European nations deeply in debt

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The Costs of War

• Analyze- How many soldiers died from the Central
  Powers and the Allies combined in World War I?
• Draw Conclusions- Which side lost more money?
• Elaborate- What effect did the influenza epidemic
  have on American Health?

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Influenza Epidemic

• In 1918, a worldwide epidemic of influenza, or
  flu.
• Extremely contagious
• Deadly
• Spread by air
• No known cure
• Spread by American soldiers to civilians and then
  to Europe and beyond.
• 30 million people died from the virus worldwide.
• 800,000 Americans died
• Changed life in the United States

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Main Idea 2 President Woodrow Wilson and
European leaders met to work out a peace
agreement.

• President Woodrow Wilson developed plans for a
  postwar peace agreement.
• Fourteen Points
• League of Nations, an international assembly of
  nations.
• European leaders disagreed with Wilsons vision.
• Wanted to punish Germany for its role in the war
• Wanted to prevent Germany from ever again
  becoming a world power

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Key Goals of the Fourteen Points

• End secret alliances
• Encourage free shipping
• Remove barriers to trade
• Reduce armies and navies

• Resolve colonial claims
• Support the right of people to choose their own
  government
• Settle border disputes
• Establish the League of Nations

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Paris Peace Conference
American and European leaders met at the Paris
Peace Conference, held at the palace of
Versailles, near Paris
No representatives from Russia or the Central
Powers attended.

• Allied leaders demanded that Germany
• Accept complete blame for the war
• Make reparations, or payments for war damages
• Give up large parts of its territory

Wilson reluctantly agreed to this peace
agreement, the Treaty of Versailles.
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Conflicting Needs at the Peace Conference
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The Peace Agreement

• Identify- What leaders from which countries
  attended the Paris Peace Conference?
• Explain- What two things did European leaders
  want to do to Germany?
• Evaluate- Do you agree with the reparations to be
  paid by Germany/ Why or why not?

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The Peace Agreement

• Recall- Which organization would work out
  problems after the treaty was signed?
• Evaluate- Why might the formation of the League
  of Nations have been a good idea?

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The Treaty of Versailles

• German reparations of 33 billion
• Established the League of Nations
• Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania,
  Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia became independent
  nations.
• Poland was restored as a nation
• Central Powers turned over their colonies to the
  League of Nations.
• Central Powers nations broken up

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Main Idea 3 The U.S. Senate rejected the
Treaty of Versailles.

• U.S. Constitution states that treaties must be
  ratified by at least two-thirds of the Senate.
• Wilson presented the treaty to the Senate.
• Senator Henry Cabot Lodge wanted the winners to
  set the terms of the peace and demanded changes.
• Republicans were worried about the League of
  Nations power to use military force.
• On November 19, 1919, the Senate voted and the
  Treaty of Versailles was defeated.
• The United States signed separate peace treaties
  with Germany, Austria, and Hungary.

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Versailles Treaty Rejected

• Recall- What interrupted Wilsons treaty support
  tour?
• Describe- What did Wilson do to pressure
  Republican senators to vote for the treaty?
• Evaluate- Do you think it was important for the
  United States to retain total control of its
  military forces?

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Imperialism
Events
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The Impact of World War I
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