Ancient Greeks and Romans

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Ancient Greeks and Romans

• Athenian Democracy

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History-Social Science Content Standards

• 6.4 Students analyze the geographic, political,
  economic, religious, and social structures of the
  early civilizations of Ancient Greece.
• 6.4.3. State the key differences between
  Athenian, or direct, democracy and representative
  democracy.

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Solon

• archon 594/3 B.C.
• seisachtheiashaking-off of burdens
• Liberated the hektemoroisixth-parters
• Toppled the horoiboundary stonesof Attika
• Granted citizenship to immigrant craftsmen
• Banned export of agricultural products other than
  olive oil
• Compiled a new code of laws that superseded
  Dracos code of 621 B.C.
• Created a process for public appeals of
  magistrates verdicts in the eliaia

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Solons organization of Athenian citizenry

• Four census classes based on wealth
• pentakosiomedimnoifive-hundred-measures-men
• hippeishoresmen
• zeugitaiyokemen
• thetespoor
• BouleCouncil of 400
• Areopagos Council

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Athenian law

• Archaeological evidence from the Agora Museum in
  Athens
• klepsydrawater clock
• bronze juror ballots
• pinakiaidentification tablets
• kleoterionallotment machine

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The consequences of Solons reforms

• Solon and Croesus (Herodotus 1.30-33)
• Pisistratostyrant of Athens
• Hippias and Hipparkhos
• The Tyrannicides, Harmodios and Aristogeiton

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Cleisthenes

• Takes power from political rival Isagoras in 508
  B.C.
• Demokratiapower of the people
• demesvillages or city neighborhoods
• phylaitribes increased from four to ten
• trittyesthirds coast, inland, and city
• Council of 500

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Athenian Assembly

• EkklesiaAthenian Assembly where all citizens
  (excluding women, children, and slaves) were free
  to discuss the issues, vote, and put decisions
  into action.
• Pnyx
• Bemaspeakers platform

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Democracy

• Pericles Funeral Oration (epitaphios
  logos)Thucydides 2.34-46
• Direct vs. Representative democracy
• Roman Republican government and the American
  Founders

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Sources for Athenian History and Democracy

• Anderson, Greg. The Athenian Experiment
  Building an Imagined Political Community in
  Ancient Attica, 508-490 B.C. (Ann Arbor, 2003).
• Camp, John, and Elizabeth Fisher. The World of
  the Ancient Greeks (London, 2002).
• Forrest, W. G. The Emergence of Greek Democracy
  (London, 1966).
• Pomeroy, Sarah, Stanley Burstein, Walter Donlan,
  and Jennifer Roberts. Ancient Greece A
  Political, Social, and Cultural History (New
  York, 1998).