Applications of Nanomaterials in Biology

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Applications of Nanomaterials in Biology

• A. Cellular communication in biological systems
• Nanomaterial applications
• 1. Biomedical applications
• 2. Molecular recognition
• 3. Biological assays
• 4. Materials

hormone-receptor complex
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Lipid soluble messenger pathway
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Types of Cellular Communication
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Signaling Outcomes
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Cell growth and differentiation
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Biomedical Applications

• detection and drug delivery for disease
• many applications cancer is major target

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Disease diagnostics
Cross-sectional magnetic resonance image of
human brain
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Brain showing tumor
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Hypothetical nanosensors in the brain
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Drug Delivery for Disease
Cancer treatment
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Progression of cancer development
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Metastasis
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• delivery of agent (drug)
• specificity of agent for
• cancer cells
• efficacy of agent
• side effects

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Molecular recognition

• quantification of molecular interactions
• discovery aspect pharmaceutical industry

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Drug Discovery
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heat?
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Scripps- PARC enthalpy array

• drug discovery uses
• the nanocalorimeter
• detects temperature
• differences when
• chemicals interact with
• cells
• sensitivity is 1 millionth
• of a degree Celsius

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Detection of Biomolecules

• basic research, forensics,
• environmental health, toxicology,
• food safety
• IR fluorescence, radioactive platforms

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Kodak In Vivo Bioimaging System
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Biological Assays

• nanoscale genomics
• biosensors

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Genomic research
Worldwide government and non-profit funding in
excess of 1 billion
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Biosensors

• monitor physiological conditions
• blood pressure, hormone concentrations,
• neural activity, body temperature

glucose and lactate sensor
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• glass substrate with
• functionalized surface
• (e.g., Ta2O5, TiO2,
• Nb2O5)
• antibodies (yellow)
• attached to surface
• capture proteins (green)

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Passive inducible transponder tag
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Materials

• biomolecular engineering
• biomotors

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Bone replacement material OSferionTM
(b-tricalcium phosphate) from Olympus
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ATPase Biomotor
Montemagno et al., Cornell University