OPTIONS for INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENTS for INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY and HIGH ENERGY DENSITY PHYSICS RESEARCH M.A. Leitner Heavy Ion Fusion Virtual National Laboratory* presented at the 15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion Inertial

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OPTIONS for INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENTSfor
INERTIAL FUSION ENERGY andHIGH ENERGY DENSITY
PHYSICS RESEARCHM.A. Leitner Heavy Ion
Fusion Virtual National Laboratorypresented at
the15th International Symposium on Heavy Ion
Inertial Fusion,Princeton University, Princeton,
New Jersey, USAJune 7-11, 2004
This work was performed under the auspices of
the U.S. Department of Energy by the University
of California, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory under Contract Number
DE-AC03-76SF00098, Lawrence Livermore National
Laboratory under Contract Number W-7405-Eng-48,
and by the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
under Contract Number DE-AC02-76CH03073
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MISSION OF AN INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENT
INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENT (IBX)NEUTRALIZED
DRIFT COMPRESSION EXPERIMENT (NDCX)
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After HCX, NTX, STS Most Driver Physics Will
Have Been Demonstrated, but Not in an Integrated
Way
Few Kilometers
Target
Multiple Beam Ion Source and Injector
Acceleration with electric focusing
Acceleration with magnetic focusing
Chamber Transport
Focusing
Longitudinal Compression
Injection Matching
Bending
Many, but not all, issues experimentally explored
Single Beam Only
Very complete experimental understanding
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Mission of an Integrated Beam Experiment

• Provide
• Integrated source-to-target physics experiments
• with a high-current heavy ion beam
• of IFE-relevant brightness to optimize target
  focusing

The capability for integrated injection,
acceleration, compression and focusing of
high-current, space-charge-dominated heavy-ion
beams will be unique (not available in any
existing accelerator in the world.)
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MISSION OF AN INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENT
INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENT (IBX)NEUTRALIZED
DRIFT COMPRESSION EXPERIMENT (NDCX)
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IBX scientific goals and opportunitiesA rich,
driver-relevant scientific agenda can be explored
by IBX

• Integrated drift compression, final focus,
  chamber transport
• Effects of electrons on the ion beam during
  transport
• Longitudinal wave production propagation
• Stagnation chromatic aberrations
• Halo production
• Evolution of beam head and tail
• Longitudinal/transverse coupling
• Long length scale emittance growth (much greater
  sensitivity)
• Upstream correction of beam aiming for final
  focus
• Acceleration limits

Highest Priority from Science Workshop
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IBX parameters were chosen to match these
scientific goals
0.2 - 0.7 A (at 1.7 MeV) space charge potential
in driver rangefor studies of electron
effects, incl. neutralized focusing 5 - 10
MeV perveance measure of the ratio ofspace
charge potential energy to kinetic energy low
enough forfocusing, but aggressive (10-4 -
10-3) sufficient number of half-lattice
periodsfor longitudinal wave propagation 0.2 -
1 ms Initial Pulse electron physics, 5 Hz
Burst Rate Capability beam-vacuum beam-wall
interaction Cold Bore dynamic vacuum
experiments, same vacuum environment seen by
aheavy ion beam in a HIF driver Agile Waveform
Control flexibility for different longitudinal
beam physics experiments with varyingaccelerator
waveforms
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IBX parameters were chosen to match these
scientific goals
Current Design Baseline 1 Beam, Supercond.
Quadrupole Magnets, 0.25 ms, 100 kV/gap
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HIF-VNL, Berkeley Facilities
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The Integrated Beam Experiment (IBX)The total
project cost would be 75 M.
100 kV, 250 ns Induction Modules
Main Core (Metglas)
Agile Waveform Control (Finemet Ferrite)
Cryogenic Support Stack
Cryostat
Cold Bore
Magnet Cold Mass
Core Housing
HV Gap
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HCX enabling technology development is IBX
relevantSuperconducting magnet development
Collaboration betweenLLNL, MIT, AML, LBNL
Optimized Magnet Prototype

• Compact flat coil design optimized fortransport
  (I0.5 A, K) at low energy.

Cryostat withMagnet Doublet
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IBX relevant agile waveform control will be
tested on HCXCore component of IBX for never
before conceived experiments
(First Point Scientific SBIR)
INDUCTION MODULE
Main Cores
Regulation Cores
REGULATION MODULATOR (MOSFET-based linear solid
state amplifier)
BEAM
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MISSION OF AN INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENT
INTEGRATED BEAM EXPERIMENT (IBX)NEUTRALIZED
DRIFT COMPRESSION EXPERIMENT (NDCX)
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NDCX will experimentally determine in an
integrated mannerthe limits of heavy ion beam
compression

• Puts more emphasize on beam compression physics
• Would push beam compression to the limits
  therefore providing significant beam pulse energy
  on target (1011 J/m3) even for near term
  experiments
• Requires novel beam manipulation techniques
  currently under experimental development
  load-and-fire injector, neutralized drift
  compression, final focus
• Will utilize solenoid transport magnets

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NDCX will compress the beam within neutralizing
plasma
Welch, et.al., MRC
Ramped 500-1000 keV 10 A, 100 ns, 0.75 J He ion
beam injected into a 1.5-m long plasma column
compresses to 750 A, 1 ns, lt1 mm focus gt
1011J/m3 (HEDP Threshold)
Heavy ion beams are an excellent candidate for
HEDP studies by uniformly heating thin target
plasmas with the dE/dx peak located near the
target center.
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Neutralized Drift Compression Experiment
(NDCX-II)estimated 4 M hardware cost until FY
2009
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NDCX-I will test first neutralized drift
compression andfirst solenoid transport incl.
prototype load-and-fire injection
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NDCX-I will extend the Neutralized Transport
Experiment (NTX)
Neutralized Transport Experiment (NTX) at LBNL
3T Pulsed Solenoid
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Concept for a HEDP user facility based on
experiences gained with NDCX-I and NDCX-II.
Estimated cost 50 M.
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DOE Office of Science 20-Year Strategic Plan
An integrated beam physics experiment for the
Heavy Ion Fusion program in the U.S. is
considered of highest scientific priority in
the 20-year strategic plan of the U.S. Department
of Energy Office of Science.
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The HIF-VNL has developed two project proposals
to further integrated heavy ion beam science
relevant to IFE and HEDP.
The well developed IBX, which focuses on the
scientific exploration of the ion beam evolution
over a large number of transport lattice periods,
could be immediately built. NDCX requires novel
ion beam manipulations which can be developed
over the next 5 years in a cost-effective manner.
NDCX would push beam compression to the limits
therefore providing significant beam pulse energy
(1011 J/m3) on target for high energy density
physics experiments even for near term
experiments.
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References
1 B.G. Logan, et al, (these proceedings,
M.I-01) 2 S.S. Yu, et al, Fusion Science and
Technology 44 (2003) 266 3 E.P. Lee, et al,
(these proceedings, W.I-12) 4 S.S. Yu, et al,
(these proceedings, F.I-01) 5 J.J. Barnard, et
al, Laser and Particle Beams 21 (2003) 553 6
C.M. Celata, et al, Proc. Third International
Conference on Inertial Fusion Sciences and
Applications (IFSA 2003), Monterey, California,
USA, to be published by American Nuclear Society
(2004) 7 M.A. Leitner, et al, Fusion Science
and Technology 44 (2003) 261 8 M.A. Leitner,
et al, Proc. 2003 Particle Accelerator Conference
(PAC 2003), Portland, Oregon, USA,
http//www.JACoW.org 9 Facilities for the
Future of Science (DOE/SC-0078), Office of
Science, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington,
D.C., USA, http//www.science.doe.gov
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• Thank You

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IBXs first operation could begin after a 5-year
design and construction schedule. The total
project cost would be 75 M.
TEC 60 - 70 M-FY04 RD 5 M-FY04
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Proposed new 5-year Plan forHeavy Ion Fusion
Beam Science