Developing a Global Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System: From Commitment to Action

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Developing a Global Tsunami Warningand
Mitigation SystemFrom Commitment to Action
EWC-III, Scientific and Technical SymposiumBonn,
28 March 2006UNESCAP Thailand Trust Fund
BriefingBangkok, 28 March 2006
Patricio A. Bernal, Executive Secretary of IOC,
ADG UNESCO Laura Kong, Director, IOC ITIC rev Sri
Lanka Training, 3-7 April 2006
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We cannot stop natural calamities, but
we can and must better equip individuals and
communities to withstand them.UN
Secretary-General Kofi Annan
A Call to Action 26 December 2004 250,000
dead, 500,000 injured 1
million displaced
8 billion in damages
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Plate Tectonics Active subducting plate boundaries
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IOC ICG/PTWS

• 1965 - response to 1960 Pacific-wide Chile
  tsunami
• IOC established ICG/ITSU (now ICG/PTWS)
• Intergovernmental Coordination Group for the
  Pacific Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System
• successful operational
  Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System
• PTWC - Operational HQ
• ITIC - Oversee and monitor effectiveness,
  Facilitate to establish new systems,
  preparedness, outreach

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IOC ICG/PTWS

• 28 member States (2005)
• Australia, Canada, Chile, China,
• Colombia, Cook Islands,
• Costa Rica, Democratic
• People's Republic of Korea,
• Ecuador, El Salvador, Fiji, France,
• Guatemala, Indonesia, Japan,
• Mexico, New Zealand, Nicaragua,
• Peru, Philippines, Republic of Korea,
• Russian Federation, Singapore,
• Thailand, United States, Samoa,
• Vietnam.
• Successful Operational Tsunami Warning System gt
  40 yrs
• Successful international scientific program
• Pacific Basin monitoring of seismicity and sea
  levels
• Direct humanitarian aim
• Mitigate tsunami effects - save lives/property

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• PTWC Global Seismic Network

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26 December 2004

• 250,000 dead - Nations of the region act
• IOC invited to lead TSUNAMI EWS establishment
• UN/OCHA Project to ISDR started March 2005, 11m
• core system implementation - IOC lead
• integrated risk knowledge
• public awareness and education
• community level approaches
• project coordination

Myanmar - 100
16,000
8,000
Somalia - 430
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11 countries 250,000 deaths 1 million displaced
35,000
Kenya - 1
Seychelles - 3
200,000
Tanzania - 10
Maldives - 108
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IOC in UN partnership
IOC
Warning guidance Hazard assessment Mitigation
ISDR
WMO
Communication (GTS) Multi-hazard
Public awareness Preparedness
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IOC Core system implementation

• Governance
• 2 intergovernmental coordination mtgs
• Capacity building
• Expert advisory missions
• Startup training programme
• Core system observational network
• Interim advisory information service
• Operational sea-level and seismic network for
  tsunami monitoring

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What is the System?

• The system must be
• Fully owned by Indian Ocean countries
• Based on international and multilateral
  cooperation
• Based on open and free data exchange
• Protect all countries in Indian Ocean
• Transparent and accountable to all countries

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How does it function?

• Based on joint operation of international
  networks of detection connected with national
  tsunami warning centres
• High-level commitment by country with UN
  governance provided under the IOC
• Each nation is responsible for issuing warnings
  in their territory and for protecting its own
  population.
• National centres must have strong links with
  emergency preparedness authorities (national,
  provincial and local)

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Indian Ocean Where are we now?

• A single system planned
• All countries of the Indian Ocean participate
• Interim Tsunami Advisory Information from centres
  in Hawaii and Tokyo.
• Natl 7/24 Tsunami Focal Points in 26 nations
• Governance - UN/IOC through ICG/IOTWS
• Full scope of task recognized
• multi-nation (28), multi-year (gt3 to 10 yrs)
• Joint UN implementation
  IOC, WMO, ISDR, UNDP,
  UN-ESCAP

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• March April 2005 Considering the devastating
  tsunami on Dec 26th 2004, two International
  Coordination meetings on the Development of an
  IO TWS took place in Paris and
  Mauritius

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Time schedule and milestones in 2005
Ja F M A M J Jul
A S O N D
Implementation Interim System IOC-JMA-PTWC
16 National Assessment Missions
WMO/ISDR/IOC/ADRC/JMA/UNESCAP
Sea level stations being deployed

• March 3-8 UNESCO/IOC 1st Regional Technical
  Coordination Meeting, Paris
• April 14-16 UNESCO/IOC 2nd Regional Coordination
  Meeting, Mauritius
• June 21 IOC General Assembly, Paris Formal
  establishment of ICG/IOTWS
• August 3-5 ICG/IOTWS-I , Perth focus on
  technical aspects
• December 14-16 ICG/IOTWS-II, Hyderabad
  recommendations commitments

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Initial System for July 2006

• Based on Existing
• Network of 26 (of 29) National Information
  Centres 7/24
• Tsunami Focal Points 7/24
• Slowly evolving into a
• Network of Tsunami Warning Centres in charge of
  
• National Mitigation Plans (Assessment, Warning,
  Preparedness)
• Need to develop Regional Instrumental Networks
• Improved Seismographic network (faster and more
  accurate detection of earthquakes through denser
  network, better real-time source
  characterization)
• Real-time network of sea-level stations (faster
  detection of tsunamis through denser network)

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Core IOTWS Seismographic Network Agreed on
Stations
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May-Sept, 2005 16 missions To be
scheduled, 2006 6 missions
Maldives, Djibouti,East Timor, Iran, South
Africa, YemenNot requesting Australia,
France, India, Singapore, United Kingdom
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IOTWS National Assessment and Plans
Nat.Asses National Plan Nat.Asses National Plan
AUSTRALIA Not required Available MYANMAR Done Required
BANGLADESH Done Required OMAN Done Required
COMORES Done   Required PAKISTAN Done Required
DJIBOUTI 2006   Required TIMOR (EAST) 2006 Required
FRANCE Not required Available SAUDI ARABIA Not requested  Not requested 
INDIA Not required Available SEYCHELLES Done Required
INDONESIA Done   Available SINGAPORE Not required Available
IRAN 2006   Required   SOMALIA Done Required
KENYA Done   Required SOUTH AFRICA 2006 Required
MADAGASCAR Done   Required SRI LANKA Done Required
MALAYSIA Done   Available UAE Not requested Not requested
MALDIVES 2006   Required TANZANIA Done Required
MAURITIUS Done   Required THAILAND Done Required
MOZAMBIQUE Done   Required UK Not required  
  YEMEN 2006 Required
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Questionnaire sections

• 5 Tsunami Mitigation Categories
• Contact information
• Authority and coordination
• Warnings and tsunami monitoring
• Warning response and Emergency Action /
  Preparedness
• Hazard and risks
• Community/Individual awareness and preparedness
• Tsunami response to 28 march 2005 M8.5 earthquake
  off Sumatra, Indonesia
• Overall enhancement of national capabilities to
  mitigate impact of hazards (WMO)

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Summary Regional CB Needs

• Assistance - harmonize existing practices /
  protocols
• Data collection, monitoring, evaluation, warning
  comm
• International standards and interoperability
• Assistance to establish real-time regional /
  local seismic and sea level networks with
  real-time data acquisition, display, and analysis
  to support the monitoring / detection
• Equipment upgrade and capacity building in Global
  Telecommunication System (GTS) to NMS
• Training and software for numerical modeling
• Inundation maps, Evaluation of hazards /
  vulnerability

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Summary Regional CB Needs

• Educational modules and training - multi-hazards
  Targeted various stakeholders, incl school
  curriculum
• Equipment upgrades / capacity building
  utilization of satellite information -
  Multi-hazard EWS incl tsunami
• Disseminate marine warnings
• Strengthen GIS capabilities and applications to
  disaster management to aid in planning, emergency
  response, and post-disaster recovery
• Electronic awareness materials
  Adaptable for language, culture, local comm
• Tsunamis and other disasters

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The Challenge

• We essentially know what is needed at the country
  level in 16 countries
• Work for rest of countries will be completed in
  2006 (6 countries)
• ICG is requesting a Comprehensive IOTWS Plan,
  including the Country level
• Therefore, we need the development of the
  National Plans at the Country level.

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TSUNAMI Early Warning Overview

• Hazard Risk Assessment
• Warning Guidance
• Mitigation - Preparedness

Earthquake Tsunami
National Government
Local Government
Tsunami Warning Center
What is Tsunami?
People
Where is Evacuation Route?
Mass Media
International - Regional Framework
National Warning System
Public Awareness
Cabinet Office Japan
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A perfect warning will be useless if people do
not know what to do in case of an
emergency Awareness and preparedness at the
country level is essential
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ICG/IOTWS Working Groups

• WG 1 Seismic Measurements, Data Collection,
• and Exchange
• WG 2 Sea Level Data Collection and Exchanges,
• including Deep-Ocean Tsunami
  Detection
• WG 3 Risk assessment
• WG 4 Modeling, Forecasting and
• Scenario Development
• WG 5 Interoperable Advisory and Warning Centres
• WG 6 (proposed) Mitigation, Preparedness and
• Response, incl NGO

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WG 6 Mitigation, Preparedness and
Response

• MS ensure development / DM officials participate
  in ICG / WG, incl Red Cross/Red Crescent, NGOs,
  community groups, private sector
• Develop overall strategy document based on
  initial ISDR initial draft consistent with IOC
  core system implementation WG TORs
• ISDR to continue to work with IOC partners
• National level, coordination with downstream
  stakeholders facilitated through DRR national
  platforms (Hyogo Framework 2005-2015) to ensure
  broader based ownership

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Mitigation, Preparedness and Response Terms of
Reference

• Focus national efforts for effective tsunami
  warning
• Promote, mainstream good practices into
  development planning / practice policies /
  institutions, sectors, risk mitigation, recovery
• Promote, support engagement of NTWC / experts in
  national platforms for DRR, all-hazard
  integration, DM
• Provide of guidelines, tools, best practices to
  DM sector public information, education,
  training, communications, evacuation planning /
  drills, emergency mgmt
• Communicate ICG WG results to development and DM
  communities and vice versa (needs to WG)

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STAKEHOLDER COORDINATION
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• June 21-30, 2005 the 23rd IOC General Assembly
  decided resolutions on the establishment of a
  global and three regional Intergovernmental
  Coordination Groups on TEWS (XXIII-12 to
  XXXIII-15) for
• - the Indian Ocean (ICG/IOTWS)
• - the Caribbean (ICG/CARTWS)
• - the NE Atlantic and Med (ICG/NEAMTWS)

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Three more regions to coordinate
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Intergovernmental Coordination Group meetings

• 03-05 Aug 2005 ICG/IOTWS-I, Perth
• 21-22 Nov 2005 ICG/NEAMTWS-I, Rome
• 14-16 Dec 2005 ICG/IOTWS-II, Hyderabad
• 10-12 Jan 2006 ICG/CARTWS-I, Barbados
• and to come
• May 2006 ICG/ITSU-XXI, Melbourne
• May 2006 ICG/NEAMTWS-II, Nice
• July/August 2006 ICG/IOTWS-III, Bali
• Dec 2006 ICG/CARTWS-II, Venezuela

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Beyond immediate response Multi-Hazard Platforms

• Storm surges (IOC, WMO, JCOMM)
• Tropical storms (WMO, JCOMM)
• Improving Storm and cyclones track forecasts
  (IOC, WMO, JCOMM)
• Ice Hazard (IOC, WMO, JCOMM)
• Oil Spills (IOC, WMO, UNEP)

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• For further information see
• http//ioc.unesco.org/indotsunami
• http//ioc3.unesco.org/neamtws
• http//ioc3.unesco.org/cartws
• http//ioc3.unesco.org/ptws

International Tsunami Information
Centre http//ioc3.unesco.org/itic
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IOC Executive Secretary Dr. Patricio Bernal
IOC Tsunami Unit Dr. Uli Wolf
Masahiro
Yamamoto
Bernardo Aliaga IOC ITIC / Tsunami
Unit Dr. Laura Kong PTWS
Secretariat l.kong_at_unesco.org
www.tsunamiwave.info
Chair, Vice-Chair Chile, Canada
IOTWS ioc.unesco.org/indotsunami
Secretariat IOC Regional Office, Perth
Chair India Vice-Chairs Indonesia,
Mauritius
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IOC Activities 2006

• Coordinated Implementation Plan - partners
• ICG/IOTWS WGs (coordinate, facilitate, synergize
  across other regions)
• Upgrade/install GLOSS and other sea level,
  seismic network - ongoing
• TsunamiTeacher - May 2006
• electronic, dynamic training modules resources
  (Media, Education, Public/Private Sector)
• Customizeable awareness materials
• Adapt for language, culture, local community
• IOC-ADRC Educational Curricula - Thailand, April
  2006

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IOC Activities 2006

• Capacity Building / Training
• - Seismology USGS, FDSN/IRIS GSN, AfricaArray
• Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Thailand, Pakistan, India,
  Maldives, East Africa /West IO
• - Numerical Modeling Expert scientists,
• I - Sources / Propagation, May (Malaysia,
  Belgium)
• II - Inundation / Evacuation, Sept-Dec
• - TsunamiTeacher Workshops up tp 8 countries,
  May
• - Tsunami Warning Operations and Emergency
  Response - Indonesia, Thailand, Mozambique,
  Mauritius, etc
• - RANET Communications - warning centre to local
• communities - May 2006
• - Risk and vulnerability assessment - use of GIS
  tools ESRI - IOC, April, 2006

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ICG/PTWS - South China Sea

• Synergies with ICG/IOTWS WGs
• Interim Tsunami Advisory Information Service
• JMA NW Pacific Tsunami Advisory Center expands
• Close coordination with PTWC
• Start 1 April 2006
• IOC-Malaysia MOSTI, 27-28 April, Kuala Lumpur
• Roundtable Symposium on Earthquake and Tsunami
  Hazards and Risks
• Pacific-wide Tsunami Drill, 16-17 May 2006
• PTWC initiated
• 2 sources - Philippine (Pacific) and Chile
• UNDP to sponsor observers to Philippines