Todays Issues:

1
Todays Issues Southwest Asia
Oil and religion have shaped modern Southwest
Asia, but theyve also brought the region
lasting, often devastating conflicts and
challenges.
Kurdish refugees from Iraq travel through Turkey.
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2
Todays Issues Southwest Asia
Population Relocation
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Oil Wealth Fuels Change
Case Study
Religious Conflict Over Land
Unit Atlas Political
Unit Atlas Physical
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3
Economic growth brings foreign workers to the
region.
Political factors have shifted the regions
population.
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4
SECTION
Population Relocation
1
New Industry Requires More Workers
The Oil Boom Changes Economies and Lives Life
in Southwest Asia doesnt change much from
11001900 - some people live in villages,
cities others live nomadic lives
Petroleum, natural gas discovered in early
20th century - Western oil companies leased
land, brought in technology, workers Oil
profits bring wealth to countries, urbanization
begins - road construction makes cities
accessible - thousands migrate to cities for
jobs
Continued . . .
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5
SECTION
1
continued New Industry Requires More Workers
Foreign Workers Oil creates so many jobs that
local workers cant fill them all - oil
companies employ guest workers from South,
East Asia - mostly unskilled laborers do jobs
native peoples find unacceptable In places,
immigrant works outnumber native workers - 90
of United Arab Emirates workers are immigrants
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued New Industry Requires More Workers
Problems of Guest Workers Cultural differences
exist between guest workers, employers - misunder
standings over customs can bring severe
penalties Often, workers live in special
districts away from Arab population - some are
abandoned or dont get wages for months
Concerns over intolerance, violence toward
workers Some fear immigrants weaken countries
national identities
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7
SECTION
1
Political Refugees Face Challenges
Stateless Nation After WWI, land intended for
Kurds was kept by Turkey, Iraq, Syria Kurds a
stateless nationpeople without land to legally
occupy Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria try
unsuccessfully to absorb Kurds - Kurds resist
governments control, are forcibly moved
Iraq forces Kurdish migration, uses chemical
weapons on settlements - In 2000, 70,000 Kurds
are displaced, many forced into camps
Image
Continued . . .
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SECTION
1
continued Political Refugees Face Challenges
Palestinian Refugees PalestiniansArabs and
descendents who lived in Palestinedisplaced - st
ateless nation living in relocation camps
in Israel, elsewhere When Israel is created,
Palestinian Arabs are promised a
homeland - during Israeli war of 1948, Israel
occupies some of those lands As many as 1
million Palestinians flee Israel, become
refugees - 52 camps in Lebanon, Jordan, Syria,
West Bank, Gaza Strip
Image
Chart
Continued . . .
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9
SECTION
1
continued Political Refugees Face Challenges
Palestinian Refugees West Bankstrip of land
on west side of Jordan River - originally
controlled by Jordan, but lost to Israel in 1967
Gaza Stripalong Mediterranean Sea northeast
of Sinai Peninsula - occupied by Israel in 1967
Refugees unable to return to Israeli areas
they claim - 8.2 million worldwide by
2005 Their demand to return to Palestine is at
heart of many regional conflicts
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10
Oil wealth brings political and economic
changes to the region.
To achieve a diversified economy, countries
need to improve infrastructure and resource use.
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11
SECTION
Oil Wealth Fuels Change
2
Meeting the Global Demand
The Pros and Cons of Black Gold Oil (black
gold) fuels world industries, transportation,
economies - strategic commodityimportant
resource nations will fight over Region has
64 of worlds oil deposits, 34 of natural gas
reserves - by 2020 will provide 50 of world
demand Oil prices rise, fall unpredictably
revenue not assured - makes steady economic
growth difficult nations need to diversify
Chart
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12
SECTION
2
Using Oil Wealth to Diversify
Modernizing the Infrastructure Saudi Arabia
builds roads, irrigation networks, agricultural
storage - also, desalinization plants to remove
salt from seawater Other nations build
airports, malls, ports - efforts are not always
well planned - UAE builds four international
airports that are underused Nations have
made an effort to build information technology
systems
Continued . . .
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13
SECTION
2
continued Using Oil Wealth to Diversify
Developing Resources Nations seek to
diversify, develop non-oil resources,
agriculture - governments build dams, dig wells
to tap underground reservoirs Saudi Arabia
uses oil profits to improve agriculture, water
supplies - by 1985 it met its demand for dairy,
meat, poultry, eggs - by 1992 it produced
enough grain for own needs, some export Oman
revives copper, chromium industries, reduces oil
dependence
Image
Continued . . .
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14
SECTION
2
continued Using Oil Wealth to Diversify
Human Resources Human resourcesskills and
talents of a nations people - nations must
invest in people, including women - must provide
education, technology training - Kuwait has free
education through university level - Kuwait also
pays fees, expenses if students study abroad
Many societies have strict rules about womens
roles - hard to get education or jobs shortages
create opportunities
Image
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15
Religious Conflict Over Land
Case Study
Who Should Control Jerusalem?
BACKGROUND Land conflicts between Jews, Arabs
disrupt life in Southwest Asia Jerusalem is
sacred to Jews, Christians, and Muslims The
issue of control of the city affects the areas
politics, people
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16
Case Study
Control of Jerusalem
Conflicts Over Holy Sites After WWII, the UN
designated Jerusalem an international
city - intended to be controlled by
international body City is divided in 1948
after the Arab-Israeli war - Arabs take Old
City, East Jerusalem in West Bank - Israelis
control West Jerusalem, then after 1967 capture
rest of city Muslims keep control of Haram
ash-Sharif (Temple Mount to Jews) Israelis
settle nearby Arab lands Palestinian Arabs
flee - UN Resolution 194 supports Palestinians
right of return
Interactive
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17
Case Study
Proposed Solutions to the Conflict
A Difficult Problem to Solve Emotional issue
both sides claim city as their capital
solutions? Palestinians could retain control
of parts of East Jerusalem - Israel would annex
several nearby settlements, expand territory
Israel retains control of West Jerusalem,
Jewish Quarter of Old City - Palestinians would
retain control of Old City, East Jerusalem
Palestinians control Temple Mount, give up
refugees right of return International
agency controls all holy sites
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18
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